Skip to main content
Log in

Eukaryotic ribosomal proteins stimulate Escherichia coli stringent factor to synthesize guanosine 5′-diphosphate, 3′-diphosphate (ppGpp) and guanosine 5′-triphosphate, 3′-diphosphate (pppGpp)

  • Published:
Molecular and General Genetics MGG Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

When supplemented with Escherichia coli stringgent factor, 80S ribosomes from various sources failed to support guanosine tetra- and pentaphosphate ((p)ppGpp) synthesis. In contrast, ribosomal proteins from 80S, 60S or 40S particles (mouse embryos, rabbit reticulocytes) crossreacted with the E. coli stringent factor. Significant stimulation of (p)ppGpp synthesis was achieved proteins/ml. These observations may provide additional criteria to detect homologies between eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomal proteins.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Beres, L., Lucas-Lenard, J.: Studies on the in vitro synthesis of ppGpp and pppGpp. Biochim. biophys. Acta 395, 80–90 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Blobel, G., Sabatini, D.: Dissociation of mammalian polyribosomes into subunits by puromycin. Proc. natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 68, 390–394 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Block, R.. In: Alfred Benzon Symposium IX, Control of ribosome synthesis (Niels Ole Kjelgaard and Ole Maaloe eds.), pp. 226–238. Copenhagen: Munksgaard 1976

    Google Scholar 

  • Block, R., Haseltine, W.A.: Purification and properties of stringent factor. J. biol. Chem. 250, 1212–1217 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cashel, M., Kalbacher, B.: The control of ribonucleic acid synthesis in Escherichia coli. J. biol. Chem. 245, 2309–2318 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Christiansen, L., Nierhaus, K.H.: Ribosomal proteins of Escherichia coli that stimulate stringent-factor-mediated pyrophosphoryl transfer in vitro. Proc. natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 73, 1839–1843 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chu, F., Caldwell, P., Weissbach, H., Brot, N.: mRNA-dependent in vitro synthesis of ribosomal proteins L12 and L10 and elongation factor Tu. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 74, 5387–5391 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Haseltine, W.A., Block, R., Gilbert, W., Weber, K.: MS I and MS II made on ribosome in idling step of protein synthesis. Nature (Lond.) 238, 381–384 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Irr, J.D., Kaulenas, M.S., Unsworth, B.R.: Synthesis of ppGpp by mouse embryonic ribosomes. Cell 3, 249–253 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Krisko, I., Gordon, J., Lipmann, F.: Studies on the interchangeability of one of the mammalian and bacterial supernatant factors in protein biosynthesis. J. biol. Chem. 244, 6117–6123 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindahl, L., Post, L., Nomura, M.: DNA-dependent in vitro synthesis of ribosomal proteins, protein elongation factors, and RNA polymerase subunit α: inhibition by ppGpp. Cell 9, 439–448 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L., Randall, R.J.: Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. biol. Chem. 193, 265–275 (1951)

    Google Scholar 

  • Martini, O., Irr, J., Richter, D.: Questioning of reported evidence for guanosine tetraphosphate synthesis in a ribosome system from mouse embryos. Cell 12, 1127–1131 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Martini, O., Gould, H.J.: Phosphorylation of rabbit reticulocyte ribosomal proteins in vitro. Biochim. biophys. Acta 295, 621–629 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Martini, O., Gould, H.J.: Molecular weight distribution of ribosomal proteins from several vertebrate species. Molec. gen. Genet. 142, 317–331 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Möller, W., Slobin, L.I., Amos, R., Richter, D.: Isolation and characterization of two acidic proteins of 60S ribosomes from Artemia salina cysts. Proc. natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 72, 4744–4748 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pao, G.C., Paietta, J., Gallant, J.A.: Synthesis of guanosine tetraphosphate (magic spot I) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 74, 314–322 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollard, J.W., Parker, J.: Guanosine tetra- and pentaphosphate synthesis by bacterial stringent factor and eukaryotic ribosomes. Nature (Lond.) 267, 371–373 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiness, G., Yang, H.-L., Zubay, G., Cashel, M.: Effects of guanosine tetraphosphate on cell-free synthesis of Escherichia coli ribosomal RNA and other gene products. Proc. natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 72, 2881–2885 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Richter, D.: Formation of guanosine tetraphosphate (magic spot I) in homologous and heterologous systems. FEBS Letters 34, 291–294 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Richter, D., Isono, K.: The mechanism of protein synthesis—initiation, elongation and termination in translation of genetic messages. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 76, 83–125 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Richter, D., Lipmann, F.: Separation of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic peptide chain elongation factors from yeast. Biochemistry 9, 5065–5070 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Richter, D., Möller, W.: Properties and functions of ethanol-potassium chloride extractable proteins from 80S ribosomes and their interchangeability with the bacterial proteins L7/L12. In: Lipmann Symposium. Energy, regulation and biosynthesis in molecular biology (Dietmar Richter, ed.) pp. 524–533. Berlin: de Gruyter 1974

    Google Scholar 

  • Richter, D., Nowak, P., Kleinert, U.: Escherichia coli stringent factor binds to ribosomes at a site different from that of elongation factor Tu or G. Biochemistry 14, 4414–4420 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schreier, M.H., Staehelin, T.: Initration of mammalian protein synthesis. Importance of ribosome and initiation factor quality for the efficiency of in vitro systems. J. mol. Biol. 73, 329–349 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherton, C.C., Wool, I.G.: The extraction of proteins from eukaryotic ribosomes and ribosomal subunits. Molec. gen. Genet. 135, 97–112 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Silverman, R.H., Atherly, A.G.: Mouse embryos fail to synthesize detectable quantities of guanosine 5′-diphosphate, 3′-diphosphate. Develop. Biol. 56, 200–205 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sy, J.: Reversibility of the pyrophosphoryl transfer from ATP to GTP by Escherichia coli stringent factor. Proc. natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 71, 3470–3473 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sy, J., Chua, N.H., Ogawa, Y., Lipmann, F.: Ribosome specificity for the formation of guanosine polyphosphates. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 56, 611–616 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sy, J., Ogawa, Y., Lipmann, F.: Nonribosomal synthesis of guanosine 5′, 3′-polyphosphates by the ribosomal wash of stringent Escherichia coli. Proc. natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 70, 2145–2148 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Warner, J.R., Gorenstein, C.: The synthesis of eucaryotic ribosomal proteins in vitro. Cell 11, 201–212 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittmann, H.G.: Purification and identification of Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins. In: Ribosomes (M. Nomura, A. Tissières and P. Lengyel, eds.) pp. 93–114. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1974

    Google Scholar 

  • Wool, I.G., Stöffler, G.: Structure and function of eukaryotic ribosomes. In: Ribosomes (M. Nomura, A. Tissières and P. Lengyel eds.) pp. 417–460. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1974

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Communicated by H.G. Wittmann

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Martini, O., Richter, D. Eukaryotic ribosomal proteins stimulate Escherichia coli stringent factor to synthesize guanosine 5′-diphosphate, 3′-diphosphate (ppGpp) and guanosine 5′-triphosphate, 3′-diphosphate (pppGpp). Molec. Gen. Genet. 166, 291–297 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00267621

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00267621

Keywords

Navigation