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Über das Reizleitungssystem der Vögel

Histochemische und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen

The impulse conducting system of the birds

Histochemical and electron microscopical investigations

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Summary

  1. 1.

    The impulse conducting system (ICS) of the heart reveals special characteristics in birds, too. It contains no or very little glycogen, and most enzymes investigated show less activity than in the ordinary cardiac muscle. Exceptions are the activities of phosphorylase, transglucosidase, nonspecific esterase, and acid phosphatase which in addition show regional differences within the ICS. There are less capillaries in the ICS than in ordinary cardiac muscle. From these observations, metabolic peculiarities of the ICS in birds are concluded.

  2. 2.

    The electron microscopical investigation shows that myofibrils and mitochondria are scarce in the entire ICS of birds. The periarterial fibers of the ICS are mainly characterized by an extensive network of proteofibrils. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is represented by only scanty tubules of the L-system. — In the Purkinje ring two different kinds of fibers are found. They all differ from the periarterial fibers by containing relatively more myofibrils and mitochondria, they differ from each other mainly by their sarcoplasmic reticulum and their micropinocytotic activities.

  3. 3.

    The ordinary cardiac muscle of the birds shows species-dependent electron microscopical and histochemical characteristics. In the pigeon and budgerigar, the mitochondria are especially numerous, and they contain many cristae. The activities of succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase are high, and the sarcoplasmic reticulum is well developed.

  4. 4.

    The cholinergic innervation of the sinus node shows marked species-dependent differences. These differences are less distinct in the A-V system. — In the ordinary cardiac muscle genuine myoneural connections are observed.

Zusammenfassung

  1. 1.

    Auch bei den Vögeln nimmt das Beizleitungssystem des Herzens eine Sonderstellung ein. Es ist frei von Glykogen bzw. glykogenarm und die meisten nachgewiesenen Fermente haben eine geringere Aktivität als in der Arbeitsmuskulatur. Eine Ausnahmen machen Phosphorylase, Transglucosidase, unspezifische Esterase und saure Phosphatase, die außerdem innerhalb des Reizleitungssystems regionale Aktivitätsunterschiede besitzen. Das Kapillarvorkommen ist im Reizleitungsgewebe geringer als in der Arbeitsmuskulatur. Aus diesen Beobachtungen wird auf Stoffwechselbesonderheiten der spezifischen Muskulatur des Vogelherzens geschlossen.

  2. 2.

    Elektronenmikroskopisch zeigt sich, daß die gesamte Reizleitungsmuskulatur der Vögel arm an Myofibrillen und Mitochondrien ist. Kennzeichnend für die periarteriellen Reizleitungsfasern ist vor allem ein ausgedehntes Proteofibrillengeflecht. Das sarkoplasmatische Retikulum besteht nur aus Resten des L-Systems. — Im Purkinjering kommen zwei Faserarten vor: Ringfasern und periannuläre Fasern. Sie unterscheiden sich von den periarteriellen Fasern durch ein relativ vermehrtes Vorkommen von Myofibrillen und Mitochondrien, untereinander vor allem im Verhalten des sarkoplasmatischen Retikulums sowie in der Mikropinozytoseaktivität.

  3. 3.

    Die Arbeitsmuskulatur der Vögel besitzt elektronenmikroskopisch und histochemisch artspezifische Eigenarten. Bei Taube und Wellensittich sind die Mitochondrien besonders zahlreich und verfügen über viele Cristae; die Aktivität von Succinodehydrogenase und Cytochromoxidase ist hoch und das sarkoplasmatische Retikulum ist stark entwickelt.

  4. 4.

    Die cholinergische Innervation des Sinusknotens zeigt bei den Vögeln große artspezifische Unterschiede. Weniger ausgeprägt ist dies beim AV-System. — In der Arbeitsmuskulatur von Taube und Wellensittich werden echte myoneurale Verbindungen beobachtet.

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  1. Anatomisches Institut der Universität Whürzburg, Deutschland

    Reinhart Gossrau

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  1. Reinhart Gossrau
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Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.

Das Manuskript hat der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Würzburg als Inauguraldissertation vorgelegen.

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Gossrau, R. Über das Reizleitungssystem der Vögel. Histochemie 13, 111–159 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00266576

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00266576

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