Summary
Four patients with monostotic and nine with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of bone, including one with the classical Weil-Albright syndrome and a male child who may have had this syndrome, are presented. While monostotic forms affect adults and are amenable to curative surgery, polyostotic involvement may become evident in childhood and early infancy, and represent a difficult therapeutic problem. Screening of the skeleton is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment, and should be achieved by total body scan in preference to a complete radiological survey. Biopsy is of particular importance in monostotic cases. The course of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of bone is not predictable and depends partly upon the unassessable osteogenic potential of the bone, and also on surgery. The Weil-Albright syndrome and its variants are no worse than polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. Orthopaedic treatment deals with pathological fractures and with the prevention and correction of deformities, particularly of coxa vara. Sufficient stability of diaphyseal and metaphyseal lesions of the femur and tibia can usually be provided by intramedullary fixation, which needs to be left, or exchanged, at least until the end of adolescence. Extensive lesions of the proximal femur make aggressive surgery necessary. Pelvic involvement and destruction of the hip joint preclude surgery and require the use of calipers.
Résumé
Présentation de 13 malades atteints de dysplasie fibreuse, 4 formes mono-osseuses et 9 poly-osseuses dont une comportant le syndrome de Weil-Albright classique et une autre pouvant comporter ce syndrome chez un jeune garçon. Tandis que les formes mono-osseuses surviennent chez l'adulte et peuvent être traitées chirurgicalement, les atteintes poly-osseuses apparaissent chez l'enfant et le nourrisson et posent de difficiles problèmes thérapeutiques. Un bilan squelettique est indispensable pour porter un diagnostic correct et entreprendre un traitement, il sera réalisé de préférence par une scintigraphie de l'ensemble du corps plutôt que par un examen radiologique complet du squelette. La biopsie est particulièrement indiquée dans les formes mono-osseuses. L'évolution des formes poly-osseuses de la dysplasie fibreuse est imprévisible et dépend en partie du potentiel ostéogénique qui ne peut être évalué et également de la chirurgie. Le syndrome de Weil-Albright et ses variantes ne sont pas plus graves que les formes poly-osseuses. Le traitement orthopédique s'adresse aux fractures pathologiques et vise à prévenir ou à corriger les déformations, tout particulièrement les coxa-vara. L'enclouage centro-médullaire renforce habituellement de façon satisfaisante les lésions diaphysaires ou métaphysaires du fémur ou du tibia, mais le matériel devra être retiré ou échangé jusqu'à la fin de l'adolescence. Les lésions étendues de l'extrémité supérieure du fémur peuvent nécessiter une chirurgie plus aggressive. L'atteinte du bassin et la destruction de la hanche sont au delà des possibilités chirurgicales et nécessitent le recours à l'appareillage externe.
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Döhler, J.R., Hughes, S.P.F. Fibrous dysplasia of bone and the Weil-Albright syndrome. International Orthopaedics 10, 53–62 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00266273
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00266273