Summary
Most polypeptides originally assigned to a specific organ and a specific effect seem to occur in many different parts of the body, in neurons as well as in endocrine cells. Thus gastrin and insulin, or very similar peptides can be demonstrated in extracts of the vagal nerves and of peripheral somatic nerves. Electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve of a perfused cat leg causes appearance of gastrin and insulin like immunoreactivity in the perfusates. This gastrin and insulin like immunoreactivity might originate from nervous depots. If so it might be assumed that insulin and other peptides are released in response to activation of autonomic or somatic nerves and that they might exert local metabolic effects in response to the acute needs of energy in eg. striated or smooth muscles.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Vanderhaegen JJ, Signeau JC, Gepts W (1975) New peptide in the vertebrate CNS reacting with antigastrin antibodies. Nature 257: 604–605
Dockray GJ (1976) Immunochemical evidence of cholecystokinin like peptides in the brain. Nature 264: 568–570
Brazeau P, Vale W, Burgus R, Ling N, Butcher M, Rivier J, Guillemin R (1973) Hypothalamic polypeptide that inhibits the secretion of immunoreactive pituitary growth hormone. Science 179: 77–79
Hökfelt T, Efendic S, Hellerström C, Johansson O, Luft R, Arimura A (1975) Cellular localization of somatostatin in endocrine like cells and neurons of the rat with special reference to the A-cells of the pancreatic islets and to the hypothalamusActa Endocrinol [Suppl 200] (Kbh) 80
Martinsson J (1965) Vagal relaxation of the stomach. Experimental reinvestigation of the concept of the transmission mechanism. Acta Physiol Scand 64: 453–462
Smith CL, Kewenter J, Connell AM, Ardill J, Hayes R, Buchanan K (1975) Control factors in the release of gastrin by direct electrical stimulation of the vagus. Dig Dis 20: 13–22
Uvnäs-Wallensten K, Andersson H (1977) Effect of atropine and methiamide on vagally induced HCl secretion and gastrin release in anesthetized cats. Acta Physiol Scand 99: 496–502
Uvnäs-Wallensten K, Nilsson G (1978) A quantitative study of the insulin release induced by vagal stimulation in anesthetized cats. Acta Physiol Scand 102: 137–142
Uvnäs-Wallensten K (1976) Effect of atropine on vagally induced release of gastrin, insulin and glucagon in anesthetized cats. Abstracts V. Intern. Congr. of Endocrinol., Hamburg
Uvnäs-Wallensten K, Rehfeld JF, Larsson LJ, Uvnäs B (1977) Heptadecapeptide gastrin in the vagal nerve. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 5707–5710
Uvnäs-Wallensten K, Efendic S, Luft R (1978) The occurrence of somatostatin in the vagal nerves. Acta Physiol Scand 102: 248–250
Lundberg JM, Hökfelt T, Schulzberg M, Nilsson G, Uvnäs-Wallensten K, Terenius L, Dahlström A, Rehfeld JF, Elde RP, Said S (1978) Pathways of peripheral peptide neurons with special reference to the vagus nerve. Second European Neurosciences Meeting, Florence. Neuroscience Lett [Suppl 224]
Lundberg JM, Hökfelt T, Änggård A, Uvnäs-Wallensten K, Bremijoin S, Brodin E, Fahrenkrug J (1980) Peripheral peptide neurons: Distribution, axonal transport and some aspects on possible function. In: Kosta E, Trabucci M (eds) Regulation and function of neural peptides. Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology. Raven Press, New York
Lundberg JM, Hökfelt T, Kewenter J, Petterson G, Ahlman H, Eden R, Dahlström A, Nilsson G, Terenius L, Uvnäs-Wallensten K, Said S (1979) Substance P, VIP and enkephalin like immunoreactivity in the human vagus nerve. Gastroenterology 77: 468–471
Gamse R, Lembeck F, Cuello AC (1979) Substance P in the vagus nerve. Immunochemical and immunohistochemical evidence for axoplasmic transport. Naunyn Schmiederbergs Arch Pharmacol 306: 37–44
Dockray GJ, Gregory RA, Tracy H (1980) Cholecystokinin octapeptide in dog vagus nerve: identification and accumulation on the cranial side of ligatures. J Physiol (Lond) 301: 50
Schultzberg M, Dreyfus CF, Gershon MD, Hökfelt T, Elde RD, Nilsson G, Said S, Goldstein M (1978) VIP — enkephalin — substance P and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in neurons intrinsic to the intestine; immunohistochemical evidence from organotypic tissue cultures. Brain Res 155: 239–248
Uvnäs-Wallensten K (1977) The occurrence of gastrin in gastric juice, antral secretions and antral perfusates of anesthetized cats. Gastroenterology 73: 487–491
Fahrenkrug J, Galbo H, Holst JJ, Schaffalitzky de Muckadell OB (1978) Influence of the autonomic nervous system on the release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide from the gastrointestinal tract. J Physiol (Lond) 280: 405–422
Uvnäs-Wallensten K, Efendic S, Roovete A, Johansson C (1980) Decreased release of somatostatin in the portal vein following electrical vagal stimulation in the cat. Acta Physiol Scand 109: 393–398
Uvnäs-Wallensten K, Efendic S, Luft R (1977) Vagal release of somatostatin into the antral lumen of cats. Acta Physiol Scand 99: 126–128
Uvnäs-Wallensten K (1977) Vagal release of antral hormones. In: Bloom SR (ed) Gut hormones. Churchill Livingston, Edinburgh, 389–393
Uvnäs-Wallensten K (1978) Release of substance P into the antral lumen of cats. Acta Physiol Scand 104: 464–468
Bertaccini G, Erspamer V, Melchiorri P, Sopranzi N (1974) Gastrin release by bombesin in the dog. Br J Pharmacol 52: 219–225
Dockray GJ, Vaillant C, Walsh JH (1979) The neuronal origin of bombesin-like immunoreactivity in the rat gastrointestinal tract. Neuroscience 4: 1561
Uvnäs-Wallensten K, Uvnäs B (1978) Release of gastrin on stimulation of the sciatic and brachial nerves of the cat. Acta Physiol Scand 103: 349–351
Uvnäs B, Uvnäs-Wallensten K (1978) Insulinergic nerves to the skeletal muscles of the cat? Acta Physiol Scand 103: 346–348
Uvnäs-Wallensten K, Efendic S, Lundberg J, Uvnäs B (1979) Release of gastrin from skeletal muscles and from the antral mucosa in cats induced by sulfonuric drugs. Acta Physiol Scand 106: 267–270
Uvnäs-Wallensten K (1979) Release of gastrin and insulin by electrical vagal stimulation and sulfonuric drugs from endocrine cells and nerves in the cat. In: Rosselin G, Fromageot P, Bonfils S (eds) Hormone receptors in digestion and nutrition. Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam, p 493–500
Gersl W, Goiny M, Uvnäs-Wallensten K, Uvnäs B (in press) The occurrence of Gastrin-17 in the heart. Acta Physiol Scand
Lundberg JM, Hökfelt T, Nilsson G (1978) Peptide neurons in the vagus, splanchnic and sciatic nerves. Acta Physiol Scand 104: 499–501
Hökfelt T, Elde R, Johansson O, Luft R, Nilsson G, Arimura A (1976) Immunohistochemical evidence for separate populations of somatostatin containing and substance P containing primary afferent neurons in the rat. Neuroscience 1: 131
Fahrenkrug J, Haglund U, Jodal M, Lundgren O, Olbe L, Schaffalitzky de Muckadell OB (1978) Nervous release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the gastrointestinal tract of cats: Possible functional implications. J Physiol (Lond) 284: 291–305
Edin R, Lundberg JM, Ahlman H, Dahlström A, Fahrenkrug J, Hökfelt T, Kewenter J (1979) On the VIP-ering innervation of the feline pylorus. Acta Physiol Scand 107: 185–187
Elde K, Hökfelt T, Johansson O, et al (1976) Immunohistochemical studies using antibodies to leucin enkephalin initial observations on the central nervous system of the rat. Neuroscience 1: 349–351
Edin R (1980) The vagal control of the pyloric motor function. A physiological and immunohistochemical study in cat and man. Acta Physiol Scand [Suppl] 485
Henry JL (1977) Substance P and pain: a possible relation in afferent transmission. Raven Press, New York, p 231–240
Efendic S, Johansson C, Thulin L, Uvnäs-Wallensten, K (in press) Somatostatin in the gastrointestinal tract. Proceedings of the 10th congress of International Diabetes Federation in Vienna. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam
Guillemin R (1976) Somatostatin inhibits the release of acetylcholine induced electrically in the myenteric plexus. Endocrinology 99: 1653–1654
Johnson LR (1974) Gut hormones on growth of gastrointestinal mucosa. In: Chey WY, Brooks FP (eds) Endocrinology of the Gut. Charles B Slack, Thorofare NJ, p 163–177
Dodge JA (1970) Production of duodenal ulcers and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis by administration of pentagastrin to pregnant and newborn dogs. Nature 222: 284–285
Vizi SM, Impicciatore G, Bertaccini G, Knoll J (1973) Evidence that acetylcholine released by gastrin and related polypeptides contributes to their effect on gastrointestinal motility. Gastroenterology 64: 268–277
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Uvnäs-Wallensten, K. Peptides in metabolic autonomic nerves. Diabetologia 20 (Suppl 1), 337–342 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00254501
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00254501