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Fracture generated by a dilatational wave

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Abstract

A Griffith crack in a brittle elastic material is struck by a plane longitudinal stress wave whose wavefront is parallel to the crack. The paper investigates the conditions for crack propagation at an instantaneous velocity upon diffraction of the incident wave by the crack. The investigation consists of two parts. In the first part, the particle velocity and the normal stress are determined in the vicinity of the crack tip for diffraction of a transient wave of arbitrary shape by a crack which extends at a constant speed once the wavefront has impinged on the crack. In the second part of the investigation a balance of rate of energy is employed to determine that shape of the incident pulse which is compatible with instantaneous crack propagation. If energy is dissipated only as fracture energy, and if the specific fracture energy is a constant, crack propagation at an instantaneous velocity occurs only if the stress has a square-root singularity at the wavefront of the incident wave.

Résumé

Une fissure de Griffith dans un matériau élastique et fragile est entrainée par une onde de contrainte longitudinale plane, dont le front est parallèle au plan de la fissure.

Le mèmoire analyse les conditions pour lesquelles la propagation d'une fissure peut s'effectuer à une vitesse instantanée sous l'effet de la diffraction, par la fissure, d'une onde incidente.

La recherche comporte deux parties. Dans la première, on determine les conditions de vitesse et de contraintes normales au voisinage de l'extrémité d'une fissure, qui permettent la diffraction d'une onde transitoire, de forme arbitraire, par la fissure en extension à une vitesse constante, dès lots que le front d'onde incidente s'est heurté au plan de la fissure.

Dans la seconde partie de la recherche, on recourt à une équation d'equilibre énergetique pour déterminer la forme de l'impulsion initiale qui est la plus compatible avec une propagation instantanée de la fissure. Si l'énergie se dissipe exclusivement sous forme d'energie de rupture, et si l'énergie spécifique de rupture est une constante, la propagation de la fissure à une vitesse instantanée ne se produit que pour autant que l'onde incidente ait un front correspondant à une singularité d'ordre 1/2 pour la contrainte.

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Achenbach, J.D., Nuismer, R. Fracture generated by a dilatational wave. Int J Fract 7, 77–99 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00236484

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