Summary
To compare the spatial and temporal (seasonal) distribution of dinoflagellates, vertical net hauls were taken along similar cruise tracks in the Scotia Sea, Weddell Sea and across the Polar Front Zone in the austral spring and the austral fall. Sixty-three species of armored dinoflagellates were identified and enumerated. Chisquare and hierarchical cluster analyses were performed to define spatial and seasonal patterns in genera and species assemblages. The dominant genera were Protoperidinium, Dinophysis and Ceratium. The Polar Front Zone was an important biogeographical barrier with Blepharocysta, Gonyaulax, Heteroschisma, Oxytoxum and Podolampas occurring mainly north of the Front. Species found primarily in the austral spring were Ceratium fusus, Ceratium lineatum, Dinophysis antarctica, Dinophysis simplex, Gonyaulax digitale, Protoperidinium pyriforme and Protoperidinium variegatum. Austral fall species included Dinophysis tuberculata and Protoperidinium elegantissum. Distribution of armored dinoflagellates in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean is influenced at the generic level by spatial considerations, particular with relation to the Polar Front Zone, whereas species composition can be effected by both region and season.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Balech E (1944) Contribucion al conocimiento de plankton de Lennox y Cabo de Hornos. Physis 19:423–446
Balech E (1947) Contribucion al conocimiento del plankton antartico. Plancton del Mar de Bellingshausen. Physis 20:75–91
Balech E (1970) The distribution and endemism of some Antarctic microplankton. In: Holdgate MW (ed) Antarctic ecology. Academic Press, London, pp 143–147
Balech E (1971) Microplancton de la campañas oceanografica. Productividad III. Rev Mus Argent Cienc Nat “Bernardino Rivadavia” Inst Nac Invest Cienc Nat, Cienc Hidrobiol 3:1–202
Balech E (1973) Segunda Contribucion al conocimiento del microplancton del Mar de Bellingshausen. Contrib Inst Antartico Argent 107:1–63
Balech E (1975) Clave ilustrada de Dinoflagelados antarticos. Inst Antart Argent Publ
Balech E (1976a) La distribucion de algunos microplanteres en el Atlantico Sudoeste. Tir Aparte Bol Serv Hidrogr Naval 12:15–24
Balech E (1976b) Fitoplacton de la campaña convergencia 1973. Physis Secc A Oceanos Sus Org 35:47–58
Balech E (1978) Microplacton de la campaña productividad IV. Rev Mus Argent Cienc Nat “Bernardino Rivadavia” Inst Nac Invest Cienc Nat, Cienc Hidrobiol 5:137–201
Balech E, El-Sayed SZ (1965) Microplankton of the Weddell Sea. In: Llano GA (ed) Biology of the Antarctic seas, vol II. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp 107–124
Bohm A (1933) Zur Kenntnis der antarktischen Dinophysiacea. Intern Rev 29:15–16
Buck KR, Bolt PA, Garrison DL (1990) Phagotrophy and fecal pellet production by athecate dinoflagellates in Antarctic sea ice. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 60:75–84
Dodge JD, Priddle J (1987) Species composition and ecology of dinoflagellates from the Southern Ocean near South Georgia. J Plankton Res 9:685–697
El-Sayed SZ (1971) Observation on phytoplankton bloom in the Weddell Sea. In: Llano GA, Wallen IE (eds) Biology of the Antarctic seas, vol IV. American Geophysical Union, Washington DC, pp 301–312
El-Sayed SZ, Weber LH (1982) Spatial and temporal variations in phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity in the Southwest Atlantic and the Scotia Sea. Polar Biol 1:83–90
Fryxell GA, Villareal TA, Hoban MA (1979) Thalassiosira scotia, sp. nov.: observations on a phytoplankton increase in early austral spring north of the Scotia Ridge. J. Plankton Res 1:355–370
Hallegraeff GM, Lucas IAN (1988) The marine dinoflagellate genus Dinophysis (Dinophyceae): photosynthetic, neritic and nonphotosynthetic, oceanic species. Phycologia 27:25–42
Hardy AC, Gunther ER (1935) The plankton of the South Georgia whaling grounds and adjacent water. Discovery Rep 11:1–546
Hart TJ (1934) On the phytoplankton of the Southwest Atlantic and the Bellingshausen Sea. Discovery Rep 8:3–268
Hasle GR (1969) An analysis of the phytoplankton of the Pacific Southern Ocean: abundance composition and distribution during the Brategg Exp 1947–1948. Hvalradets Skr 52:1–168
Hayes PK, Whitaker TM, Fogg GE (1984) The distribution and nutrient status of phytoplankton in the southern ocean between 20° and 70° W. Polar Biol 3:153–165
Hermosilla JG (1975) Contribucion al concimiento de los dinoflagelados y tintinnidos de Antarctica. I Plancton colectado en Dec. 1969. Gayana Zool 34:1–55
Kasler T (1938) Die Verbreitung der Dinophysiales im Sudatlantischen Ozean. Dtsch Atl Exped Meteor 1925–1927 203:165–237
Kopczynska EE, Weber LH, El-Sayed SZ (1986) Phytoplankton species composition and abundance in the Indian sector of the Antarctic Ocean. Polar Biol 6:161–169
Lutjeharms JRE, Walters NM, Allanson BR (1985) Oceanic frontal systems and biological enhancement. In: Siegfried WR, Condy PR, Laws RM (eds) Antarctic nutrient cycles and food webs. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 11–21
Mullins BW, Priddle J (1987) Relationships between bacteria and phytoplankton in the Bransfield Strait and Southern Drake Passage. Br Antarct Surv Bull 76:51–64
Nelson DM, Smith WO Jr, Muench RD, Gordon LI, Sullivan CW, Husby DM (1989) Particulate matter and nutrient distributions in the ice-edge zone of the Weddell Sea: relationships to hydrography during late summer. Deep-Sea Res 36:191–209
Peters N (1928) Beitrage zur Planktonbevölkerung der Weddellsee nach den Ergebnissen der Deutschen Antarktischen Expedition 1911–1912. Beitrag III. Die Perideneenbevolkerung der Weddellsee mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Wachstums-und Variationsformen. Int Rev Ges Hydrobiol Hydrogr 21:18–146
Peters N (1934) Die Bevölkerung des Südatlantischen Ozeans mit Ceratien. Dtsch Atl Exped Meteor 1925–1927 12:1–69
Priddle J (1985) Species composition of net phytoplankton from Drake Passage, Bransfield Strait and Scotia Sea during summer 1982. Meeresforschung 30:240–250
Priddle J, Heywood RB, Theriot E (1986) Some environmental factors influencing phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean around South Georgia. Polar Biol 5:65–79
Ray AA (1982) The SAS User's Guide: Statistics. SAS Institute Inc, Cary NC 923 pp
Sayle WS (1982) The cluster procedure. In: Ray AA (ed) The SAS User's Guide: Statistics. SAS Institute Inc, Gary NC, pp 423–431
Sneath PHA, Sokal RR (1973) Numerical taxonomy. The principles and practice of numerical classification. WH Freeman, San Francisco, 573 pp
Sommer U, Stabel H (1986) Near surface nutrient and phytoplankton distribution in the Drake Passage during early December. Polar Biol 6:107–110
Sournia A, Grall JR, Jacques G (1979) Diatomées et Dinoflagellés planctoniques d'une coupe méridienne dans le sud de l'océan Indien (Campagne “Antiprod I” du Marion-Dufresne, mars 1977). Bot Mar 22:183–198
Therriot E, Fryxell G (1985) Multivariate statistical analysis of net diatom species distributions in the Southwestern Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Polar Biol 5:23–30
Walsh JJ (1971) Relative importance of habitat variables in predicting the distribution of phytoplankton at the ecotone of the Antarctic upwelling ecosystem. Ecol Monogr 41:291–309
Weber LH, El-Sayed SZ (1987) Contributions of the net, nano- and picoplankton to the phytoplankton standing crop and primary productivity in the Southern Ocean. J Plankton Res 9:973–994
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
McKenzie, C.H., Cox, E.R. Spatial and seasonal changes in the species composition of armored dinoflagellates in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Polar Biol 11, 139–144 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00234277
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00234277