Summary
The characteristics of cerebellar input to the parietal cortex through the ventroanterior-ventrolateral (VA-VL) complex of the thalamus were investigated in the adult cat by using combined electrophysiological and anatomical methods. Two distinct parietal regions were activated by stimulation of the cerebellar nuclei (CN). In the first region located in the depth of the bank of the ansate sulcus, stimulation of the CN induced early surface positive-deep negative potentials and late surface negative-deep positive potentials. In this cortical area, potentials of similar shape and time course were evoked at a shorter latency by stimulation of the ventrolateral part of the VA-VL complex where large negative field potentials were evoked by stimulation of the CN. After injection of the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) in this part of the VA-VL complex, axon terminals of thalamocortical (TC) fibers were found in layers I, III and IV in the depth of the bank of the ansate sulcus and layers I and III in the motor cortex. In the second region located in the suprasylvian gyrus, late surface negative-deep positive potentials were evoked by stimulation of the CN and similar potentials were evoked at a shorter latency from the dorsomedial part of the VA-VL complex where large cerebellar-evoked potentials could be recorded. PHA-L injection in this thalamic region stained TC fibers and their terminals in layer I of the suprasylvian gyrus, and in layers I and III of the motor cortex. The laminar distribution of TC axon terminals in two different regions of the parietal cortex could account for the depth profiles of the cerebellar- and the thalamic-evoked potentials in each region. These results show that cerebellar information is conveyed to two separate areas in the parietal cortex by two different TC pathways.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Angaut P, Gilbaud G, Reymond M-C (1968) An electrophysiological study of the cerebellar projections to the nucleus ventralis lateralis of thalamus in the cat. I. Nuclei fastigii et interpositus. J Comp Neurol 134: 9–20
Avendaño C, Rausell E, Reinoso-Suárez F (1985) Thalamic projections to area 5a and 5b of the parietal cortex in the cat: a retrograde horseradish peroxidase study. J Neurosci 5: 1446–1470
Avendaño C, Raussel E, Perez-Aguilar D, Isorna S (1988) Organization of the association cortical afferent connections of area 5: a retrograde tracer study in the cat. J Comp Neurol 278: 1–33
Babb RS, Waters RS, Asanuma H (1984) Corticocortical connections to motor cortex from the posterior parietal cortex lobe (areas 5a, 5b, 7) in the cat demonstrated by retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. Exp Brain Res 54: 476–484
Cliffer KD, Giesler Jr GJ (1988) PHA-L can be transported anterogradely through fibers of passage. Brain Res 458: 185–191
Darian-Smith IJ, Isbister HM, Yokota T (1966) Somatic sensory cortical projection areas excited by tactile stimulation of the cat: a triple representation. J Physiol (Lond) 182: 671–689
Dempsey EW, Morison RS (1942) The production of rhythmically recurrent cortical potentials after localized thalamic stimulation. Am J Physiol 135: 293–300
Endo K, Araki T, Yagi N (1973) The distribution and pattern of axon branching of pyramidal tract cells. Brain Res 57: 484–491
Fabre M, Buser P (1981) Effects of lesioning the anterior suprasylvian cortex on visuo-motor guidance performance in the cat. Exp Brain Res 41: 81–88
Ferster D, Lindström S (1985) Augmenting responses evoked in area 17 of the cat by intracortical axon collaterals of corticogeniculate cells. J Physiol (Lond) 367: 217–232
Foster JA (1980) Intracortical origin of recruiting responses in the cat cortex. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 48: 639–653
Gerfen CR, Sawchenko PE (1984) An anterograde neuroanatomical tracing method that shows the detailed morphology of neurones, their axons and terminals: immunohistochemical localization of an axonally transported plant lectin, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L). Brain Res 290: 219–238
Glenn LL, Hada J, Roy JP, Deschênes M, Steriade M (1982) Anterograde tracer and field potential analysis of the neocortical layer I projection from the nucleus ventralis medialis of the thalamus in cat. Neuroscience 7: 1861–1877
Hendry SHC, Jones EG, Graham J (1979) Thalamic relay nuclei for cerebellar and certain related fiber systems in the cat. J Comp Neurol 185: 679–714
Hsu SM, Raine L, Fanger H (1981) The use of avidin-biotinperoxidase complex (ABC) in immunoperoxidase techniques: A comparison between ABC and unlabeled antibody (PAP) procedures. J Histochem Cytochem 29: 577
Humphrey DR (1968a) Re-analysis of the antidromic cortical response. I. Potentials evoked by stimulation of the isolated pyramidal tract. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 24: 116–129
Humphrey DR (1968b) Re-analysis of the antidromic cortical response. II. On the contribution of cell discharge and PSPs to the evoked potentials. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 25: 421–442
Itoh K, Mizuno N (1977) Topographical arrangement of thalamocortical neurons in the centrolateral nucleus (CL) of the cat, with special reference to a spino-thalamo-motor cortical path through the CL. Exp Brain Res 30: 471–480
Jinnai K, Nambu A, Yoshida S (1987) Thalamic afferents to layer I of the anterior sigmoid cortex originating from the VA-VL neurones with entopeduncular input. Exp Brain Res 69: 67–76
Jones EG, Burton H (1974) Cytoarchitecture and somatic sensory connectivity of thalamic nuclei other than the ventrobasal complex in the cat. J Comp Neurol 154: 395–432
Jones EG, Coulter JD, Hendry SHC (1978) Intracortical connectivity of architectonic fields in the somatic sensory, motor and parietal cortex of monkeys. J Comp Neurol 181: 291–348
Jones EG, Powell TPS (1968) The ipsilateral cortical connections of somatic sensory areas in the cat. Brain Res 9: 71–94
Kakei S, Shinoda Y (1990) Parietal projection of thalamocortical fibers from the ventroanterior-ventrolateral complex in the cat thalamus. Neurosci Lett 117: 280–284
Kang Y, Endo K, Araki T, Mitani A (1986) Dual mode of projections from the parietal to the motor cortex in the cat. Exp Brain Res 62: 281–292
Kawaguchi S, Samejima A, Yamamoto T (1983) Post-natal development of the cerebello-cerebral projections in kittens. J Physiol 343: 215–232
Kawamura K (1973) Corticocortical fiber connections of the cat cerebrum. II. The parietal region. Brain Res 51: 23–40
Künzle H (1978) Cortico-cortical efferents of motor and somatosensory regions of the cerebral cortex in Macaca fascicularis. Neuroscience 3: 25–39
Li C, Cullen C, Jasper HH (1956a) Laminar microelectrode studies of specific somatosensory cortical potentials. J Neurophysiol 19: 111–130
Li C, Cullen C, Jasper HH (1956b) Laminar Microelectrode analysis of cortical unspecific recruiting responses and spontaneous rhythms. J Neurophysiol 19: 132–143
Llinás R, Nicholson C (1974) Analysis of field potentials in the central nervous system. In: Stevens CF (eds) Handbook of electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, vol. 2, Part B. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 61–83
Macchi G, Bentivoglio M, D'Atena C, Rossini P, Tempesta E (1977) The cortical projections of the thalamic intralaminar nuclei restudied by means of the HRP retrograde axonal transport. Neurosci Lett 4: 121–126
Mizuno N, Konishi A, Sato M, Kawaguchi S, Yamamoto T, Kawamura S, Yamawaki M (1975) Thalamic afferents to the rostral portions of the middle suprasylvian gyrus in the cat. Exp Neurol 48: 79–87
Morison RS, Dempsey EW (1942) A study of thalamo-cortical relations. Am J Physiol 135: 281–292
Mountcastle VB, Lynch JC, Georgopoulos A, Sakata H, Acuna C (1975) Posterior parietal association cortex of the monkey: command function for operations within extrapersonal space. J Neurophysiol 38: 871–908
Pandya DN, Kuypers HGJM (1969) Cortico-cortical connections in the rhesus monkey. Brain Res 13: 13–36
Penny GR, Itoh K, Diamond IT (1982) Cells of different sizes in the ventral nuclei project to different layers of the somatic cortex in the cat. Brain Res 242: 55–65
Ranck JB (1975) Which elements are excited in electrical stimulation of mammalian central nervous system: a review. Brain Res 98: 417–440
Rispal-Padel L, Latreille J (1974) The organization of projections from the cerebellar nuclei to the contralateral motor cortex in the cat. Exp Brain Res 19: 36–60
Royce GJ, Bromley S, Gracco C, Beckstead RM (1989) Thalamocortical connections of the rostral intralaminar nuclei: an autoradiographic analysis in the cat. J Comp Neurol 288: 555–582
Sasaki K, Prelević S (1972) Excitatory and inhibitory influences of thalamic stimulation on pyramidal tract neurones. Exp Neurol 36: 319–335
Sasaki K, Staunton HP, Dieckmann G (1970) Characteristic features of augmenting and recruiting responses in the cerebral cortex. Exp Neurol 26: 369–392
Sasaki K, Kawaguchi S, Matsuda Y, Mizuno N (1972a) Electrophysiological studies on cerebello-cerebral projections in the cat. Exp Brain Res 16: 75–88
Sasaki K, Matsuda Y, Kawaguchi S, Mizuno N (1972b) On the cerebello-thalamo-cerebral pathway for the parietal cortex. Exp Brain Res 16: 89–103
Sasaki K, Kawaguchi S, Oka H, Sakai M, Mizuno N (1976) Electrophysiological studies on the cerebellocerebral projections in monkeys. Exp Brain Res 24: 495–507
Shinoda Y, Kakei S (1989) Distribution of terminals of thalamocortical fibers originating from the ventrolateral nucleus of the cat thalamus. Neurosci Lett 96: 163–167
Shinoda Y, Kano M, Futami T (1985a) Synaptic organization of the cerebello-thalamo-cerebral pathway in the cat. I. Projection of individual cerebellar nuclei to single pyramidal tract neurones in areas 4 and 6. Neurosci Res 2: 133–156
Shinoda Y, Futami T, Kano M (1985b) Synaptic organization of the cerebello-thalamo-cerebral pathway in the cat. II. Input-output organization of single thalamocortical neurons in the ventrolateral thalamus. Neurosci Res 2: 157–180
Shyu BC, Olausson B, Rydenhag B (1989) Field potential analysis of the cortical projection of the central lateral nucleus in the cat. Acta Physiol Scand 137: 503–512
Stoney SD Jr, Thompson WD, Asanuma H (1968) Excitation of pyramidal tract cells by intracortical microstimulation: effective extent of stimulating current. J Neurophysiol 31: 659–669
Sugimoto T, Mizuno N, Itoh K (1981) An autoradiographic study on the terminal distribution of cerebellothalamic fibers in the cat. Brain Res 215: 29–47
Tanji DG, Wise SP, Dykes RW, Jones EG (1978) Cytoarchitecture and thalamic connectivity of third somatosensory area of cat cerebral cortex. J Neurophysiol 41: 268–284
Waters RS, Favorov O, Mori A, Asanuma H (1982) Pattern of projection and physiological properties of cortico-cortical connections from the posterior bank of the ansate sulcus to the motor cortex, area 4γ, in the cat. Exp Brain Res 48: 335–344
Yamamoto T, Samejima A, Oka H (1987) Morphological features of layer V pyramidal neurons in the cat parietal cortex: an intracellular HRP study. J Comp Neurol 265: 380–390
Yumiya H, Ghez C (1984) Specialized subregions in the cat motor cortex: anatomical demonstration of differential projections to rostral and caudal sectors. Exp Brain Res 53: 259–276
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wannier, T., Kakei, S. & Shinoda, Y. Two modes of cerebellar input to the parietal cortex in the cat. Exp Brain Res 90, 241–252 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00227235
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00227235