Summary
Crayfish haemolymph contains three types of haemocytes with cytoplasmic granules: coagulocytes, granulocytes and amoebocytes. Muscle degeneration was induced by either a gross mechanical injury or a mild puncture injury of m. extensor carpopoditi. Granulocytes and amoebocytes were involved in the phagocytosis of disintegrating muscle fibres. Within three weeks after the gross injury the first myotubes were found. The formation of regenerated fibres started before the degenerating material was removed completely. Mild injury resulted in the formation of contraction clots, localized at the ends of a fibre and connected to a persistent external lamina in the form of an empty sheath. The external lamina sheaths were invaded by amoebocytes. They arranged themselves into a superficial layer similar to an epithelium, formed gap junctions and zonulae adherentes, and showed an increase in the number of cytoplasmic microtubules. These transformed haemocytes retained their ability to engulf material of the disintegrating fibre. In about three weeks the number of microtubules in the transformed haemocytes decreased, and newly formed contractile filaments appeared. Satellite cells are present along the normal crayfish muscle fibres. Following their activation in degenerated material, they might conceivably induce the transformation of haemocytes into myogenic cells.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allbrook D (1981) Skeletal muscle regeneration. Muscle Nerve 4:234–245
Bateson RG, Woodrow DF, Sloper JC (1967) Circulating cells as a source of myoblasts in regenerating injured mammalian skeletal muscle. Nature 213:1035–1036
Bischoff R (1975) Regeneration of single skeletal muscle fibers in vitro. Anat Rec 182:215–236
Bischoff R (1979) Tissue culture studies on the origin of myogenic cells during muscle regeneration in the rat. In: Mauro A (ed) Muscle regeneration. Raven Press, New York, pp 13–29
Bishoff R, Holtzer H (1969) Mitosis and the process of differentiation of myogenic cells in vitro. J Cell Biol 41:188–200
Bittner GD (1973) Degeneration and regeneration in crustacean neuromuscular systems. Am Zool 13:379–408
Dewey MM, Barr L (1962) Intercellular connection between smooth muscle cells: the nexus. Science 137:670–671
Drugová K, Uhrík B (1982) Muscle regeneration in the crayfish. Ultrastructural observations. Physiol Bohemoslov 31:438
Ezerman EB, Ishikawa H (1967) Differentiation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and T system in developing chick skeletal muscle in vitro. J Cell Biol 35:405–420
Fischman DA, Hay ED (1962) The origin of osteoclasts from mononuclear leucocytes in regenerating newt limbs. Anat Rec 143:329–338
Hay ED (1979) Reversibility of muscle differentiation in newt limb regeneration. In: Mauro A (ed) Muscle regeneration. Raven Press, New York, pp 73–81
Jirmanová I, Thesleff S (1972) Ultrastructural study of experimental muscle degeneration and regeneration in the adult rat. Z Zellforsch 131:77–97
Jotereau FV, LeDouarin NM (1978) The developmental relationship between osteocytes and osteociasts: A study using quailchick nuclear marker in endochondral ossification. Dev Biol 63:253–265
Kalderon N, Epstein ML, Gilula NB (1977) Cell-to-cell communication and myogenesis. J Cell Biol 75:788–806
Karpati G, Carpenter S (1982) Micropuncture lesions of skeletal muscle cells: A new experimental model for the study of muscle cell damage, repair, and regeneration. In: Schotland DL (ed) Disorders of the motor unit. John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp 517–531
Kelly AM, Zacks SI (1969) The histogenesis of rat intercostal muscle. J Cell Biol 42:135–153
Konigsberg IR (1979) Regeneration of single muscle fibers in culture and in vivo. In: Mauro A (ed) Muscle regeneration. Raven Press, New York, pp 41–56
Konigsberg UR, Lipton BH, Konigsberg IR (1975) The regenerative response of single mature muscle fibers, isolated in vitro. Dev Biol 45:260–275
Mauro A (1961) Satellite cell of skeletal muscle fibers. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 9:493–495
Midsukami M (1981) The structure and distribution of satellite cells of cardiac muscles in decapod crustaceans. Cell Tissue Res 219:69–83
Nordlander RH, Singer M (1972) Electron microscopy of severed motor fibers in the crayfish. Z Zellforsch 126:157–181
Rash JE, Fambrough D (1973) Ultrastructural and electrophysiological correlates of cell coupling and cytoplasmic fusion during myogenesis in vitro. Dev Biol 30:168–186
Rash JE, Staehelin LA (1974) Freeze-cleave demonstration of gap junctions between skeletal myogenic cells in vivo. Dev Biol 36:455–461
Revel JP, Karnovsky MJ (1967) Hexagonal array of subunits in intercellular junctions of the mouse heart and liver. J Cell Biol 33:C7-C12
Reynolds ES (1963) The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron-opaque stain in electron microscopy. J Cell Biol 17:208–212
Reznik M (1969) Origin of myoblasts during skeletal muscle regeneration. Electron microscopic observations. Lab Invest 20:353–363
Rýdlová K, Uhrík B, Zacharová D (1987) Haemocyte transformation to myoblast-type cells in the process of regeneration of crayfish muscle fibres. Physiol Bohemoslov 36:554
Schmalbruch H (1982) Skeletal muscle fibers of newborn rats are coupled by gap junctions. Dev Biol 91:485–490
Schmalbruch H (1986) Muscle regeneration: Fetal myogenesis in a new setting. In: Lierse W (ed) Bibliotheca anatomica, No 29. S Karger, Basel, pp 126–153
Smith PJS, Leech CA, Treherne JE (1984) Glial repair in an insect central nervous system: effects of selective glial disruption. J Neurosci 4:2698–2711
Smith PJS, Howes EA, Leech CA, Treherne JE (1986) Haemocyte involvement in the repair of the insect central nervous system after selective glial disruption. Cell Tissue Res 243:367–374
Sternshein DJ, Burton PR (1980) Light and electron microscopic studies of crayfish haemocytes. J Morphol 165:67–83
Treherne JE, Howes EA, Leech CA, Smith PJS (1986) The effects of an anti-mitotic drug, bleomycin, on glial repair in an insect central nervous system. Cell Tissue Res 243:375–384
Trupin GL (1979) The identification of myogenic cells in regenerating skeletal muscle. I. Early anuran regenerates. Dev Biol 68:59–71
Uhrík B, Rýdlová K, Zacharová D (1985) Degeneration and regeneration of crayfish muscle fibres — the role of haemocytes and satellite cells. Abstracts, Symp Basic Appl Aspects Muscle Physiol, DDR — Reinhardsbrunn, Oct 1–4, p 73
Vracko R, Benditt EP (1972) Basal lamina: The scaffold for orderly cell replacement. Observations on regeneration of injured skeletal muscle fibers and capillaries. J Cell Biol 55:406–419
Walker DG (1975) Control of bone resorption by hematopoietic tissue. The induction and reversal of congenital osteopetrosis in mice through use of bone marrow and splenic transplants. J Exp Med 142:651–663
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Uhrík, B., Rýdlová, K. & Zacharová, D. The roles of haemocytes during degeneration and regeneration of crayfish muscle fibres. Cell Tissue Res. 255, 443–449 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00224130
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00224130