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A photoelastic evaluation of the influence of closure and other effects upon the local bending stresses in cracked plates

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Abstract

Two sets of photoelastic experiments employing stress freezing were performed in order to evaluate closure and precatastrophic extension of cracks in plates under cylindrical bending. Data were compared with the Hartranft-Sih theory in order to obtain quantitative results. It was found that crack closure on the compressive side of the plate produced somewhat larger local elastic stresses on the tensile side of the plate for straight through cracks than predicted by the mathematical model. When precatastrophic extension was allowed on the tension side of the plate, accompanying stress relaxation neutralized the stress intensification effect of closure. For short, nearly square cracks, three-dimensional effects appeared to reduce the stress intensification effects due to closure.

Résumé

Deux séries d'essais photoélastiques recourant à la technique du gel des déformations ont été exécutées en vue d'évaluer la fermeture et l'ouverture précatastrophique de fissures dans des tôles soumises à flexion cylindrique.

Les données recueillies ont été comparées à la théorie de Hartranft-Sih afin d'obtenir des résultans quantitatifs.

On a trouvé que la fermeture de la fissure sur la portion comprimée de la tôle provoque des contraintes élastiques du côté tendu qui sont quelque pen plus élevées que celles prévues par le modèle mathématique, dans le cas de fissures traversant la tôle de part en part.

Lorsque l'on se trouve dans des conditions d'extension précatastrophique d'une fissure sur le côté tendu d'une tôle, il se produit une relaxation des contraintes dont l'effet est de neutraliser l'effet d'intensification de la contrainte resultant de la fermeture de la fissure.

Dans le cas de fissures courtes et quasi carrées, des effets tridimensionnels se font jour, qui réduisent également les effets d'intensification des contraintes dûs à la fermeture.

Zusammenfassung

Es wurden zwei Reihen von photoelastischen Versuchen gefahren, wobei die Methode des Einfrierens der Verformung angewandt wurde. Ziel dieser Versuche war es, das Schließen und das vorkatastrophale Ōffnen von Rissen in zylindrischen Biegebeanspruchungen unterworfenen Blechen abzuschätzen.

Die ermittelten Ergebnisse wurden mit der Hartranft-Sih-Theorie verglichen, im Hinblick auf die Erzielung quantitativer Resultate.

Es zeigte sich, daß für Risse, welche die Bleche von Rand zu Rand durchlaufen, die Schließung auf der Druckseite, elastische Spannung auf der Zugseite hervorruft, deren Werte leicht oberhalb den durch das mathematische Modell bestimmten fegen.

Unter den Bedingungen der vorkatastrophalen Ausdehnung eines Risses auf der Spannungen auf, welches den durch die Schließung des Risses bewirkten Spannungsanstieg ausgleicht.

Für kurze, annähernd viereckige Risse, treten dreidimensionale Effekte auf, welche ebenfalls die durch die Schließung bewirkte Spannungserhöhung verringern.

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This work was used by the junior author for partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree in Engineering Mechanics at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia.

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Smith, D.G., Smith, C.W. A photoelastic evaluation of the influence of closure and other effects upon the local bending stresses in cracked plates. Int J Fract 6, 305–318 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00212662

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