Abstract
The influence of soil application of carbofuran on the growth response of groundnut, and both mycorrhizal colonization and sporulation of Glomus clarum was studied in a pot culture experiment. Carbofuran application with or without mycorrhizal inoculation increased the height of the potted plants measured 8 weeks after sowing. Mycorrhizal plants were significantly taller than nonmycorrhizal plants at the final harvest time (14 weeks). Carbofuran, at the recommmended field dose of up to 2 kg/ha, greatly increased shoot dry matter and pod yield in mycorrhizal groundnut. Colonization and sporulation by this VAM fungus were also enhanced significantly at these dose levels. The application of carbofuran at 5 kg/ha inhibited both growth and mycorrhizal status of groundnut.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson JR (1978) Pesticide effects on nontarget soil microorganisms. In: Hill IR, Wright SJL (eds) Pesticide microbiology. Academic Press, New York, pp 313–533
Backman PA, Clark EM (1977) Effect of carbofuran and other pesticides on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in peanuts. Nematropica 7:13–17
Bird GW, Rich JR, Glover SV (1974) Increased mycorrhizae of cotton roots in soil treated with nematicides. Phytopathology 64:48–51
Gerdemann JW, Nicolson TH (1963) Spores of mycorrhizal Endogone species extracted from soil by wet-sieving and decauting. Trans Br Mycol Soc 46:235–244
Giovannetti M, Mosse B (1980) An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. New Phytol 84:489–500
Hayman DS (1982) Practical aspects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae. In: NS Subba Rao (ed) Advances in agricultural microbiology. IBH, Oxford, pp 325–373
Hayman DS, Macdonald RM, Spokes JR (1978) The effects of pesticides on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report 1977, p 238
ICRISAT (1988) ICRISAT West African Programmes. Annual Report 1987. ICRISAT Sahelian Centre, Niamy, Niger, pp 59–62
Mathew J, Johri BN (1989) Effect of indigenous and introduced VAM fungi on growth of mungbean. Mycol Res 92:491–493
Menge JA, Johnson ELV, Minassian A (1979) Effect of heat treatment and three pesticides upon the growth and reproduction of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatus. New Phytol 82:473–480
Nemec S (1987) VA mycorrhizae in horticultural systems. In: Safir GR (ed) Ecophysiology of VA mycorrhizal plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla, pp 193–211
Ocampo JA, Hayman DS (1980) Effect of pesticides on mycorrhiza in field-grown barley, maize and potatoes. Trans Br Mycol Soc 74:413–415
Parvathi K, Venkateswarlu K, Rao AS (1985a) Effects of pesticides on development of Glomus mosseae in groundnut. Trans Br Mycol Soc 84:29–33
Parvathi K, Venkateswarlu K, Rao AS (1985b) Toxicity of soilapplied fungicides and gypsum to the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae in groundnut. Can J Bot 63:1673–1675
Phillips JM, Hayman DS (1970) Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Trans Br Mycol Soc 55:158–161
Rajagopal BS, Brahmaprakash GP, Reddy BR, Singh UD, Sethunathan N (1984) Effect and persistence of selected carbamate pesticides in soil. Residue Rev 93:1–199
Saif SR (1987) Growth response of tropical forage plant species to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae. I. Growth, mineral uptake and mycorrhizal dependency. Plant Soil 97:25–35
Simpson D, Daft MJ (1990) Interactions between water-stress and different mycorrhizal inocula on plant growth and mycorrhizal development in maize and sorghum. Plant Soil 121:179–186
Sreenivasa MN, Bagyaraj DJ (1988) Use of pesticides for mass production of ‘clean’ vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum. In: Mahadevan A, Raman N, Natarajan K (eds) Mycorrhiza for green Asia. Madras University, Madras, pp 322–324
Tinker PB (1978) Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas on plant nutrition and growth. Physiol Veg 16:743–751
Trappe JM, Molina R, Castellano M (1984) Reactions of mycorrhizal fungi and mycorrhizal formation to pesticides. Annu Rev Phytopathol 22:331–359
Venkateswarlu K, Gowda TKS, Sethunathan N (1977) Persistence and biodegradation of carbofuran in flooded rice soils. J Agric Food Chem 25:533–535
Williams IH, Brown MJ, Whitehead P (1976) Persistence of carbofuran residues in some British Columbia soils. Bull Environ Contain Toxicol 15:242–243
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Venkateswarlu, K., Al-Garni, S.M. & Daft, M.J. The impact of carbofuran soil application on growth and mycorrhizal colonization by Glomus clarum of groundnut. Mycorrhiza 5, 125–128 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00202344
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00202344