Skip to main content
Log in

Outer envelope membranes from chloroplasts are isolated as right-side-out vesicles

  • Published:
Planta Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Outer envelope membranes were isolated from purified chloroplasts of pea leaves. The sidedness of the vesicles was analyzed by (i) aqueous polymer-two phase partitioning, (ii) the effect of limited proteolysis on the outer-envelope proteins (OEP) 86 and OEP 7 in intact organelles and isolated membranes, (iii) fluorescence-microscopy and finally (iv) binding of precursor polypeptides to isolated outer-membrane vesicles. The results demonstrate that purified outer envelope membranes occur largely (>90%) as right-side-out vesicles.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

FITC:

fluorescein isothiocyanate

IEP:

Pinner-envelope protein

OE:

outer-envelope protein

pSSU:

precursor form of the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylaseoxygenase

SDS-PAGE:

sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

References

  • Albertsson, P.-Å. (1971) Partition of cell particles and makro molecules, Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Albertsson, P.-Å., Andersson, B., Larsson, C., Akerlund, H.-E. (1982) Phase-partition method for purification and analysis of cell organelles and membrane vesicles. Methods Biochem. Anal. 28, 115–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersson, B. (1986) Characterization of the thylakoid membrane by subfractionation analysis. Methods Enzymol. 118, 325–338

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnon, D.J. (1949) Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol. 24, 1–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Block, M.A., Dorne, A.-J., Joyard, J., Douce, R. (1983a) Preparation and characterization of membrane fractions enriched in outer and inner envelope membranes from spinach chloroplasts. J. Biol. Chem. 258, 13273–13280

    Google Scholar 

  • Block, M.A., Dorne, A.-J., Joyard, J., Douce, R. (1983b) Preparation and characterization of membrane fractions enriched in outer and inner envelope membranes from spinach chloroplasts. J. Biol. Chem. 258, 13281–13286

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonner, W.M., Laskey, R.A. (1974) A film detection method for tritium labelled proteins and nucleic acids in polyacrylamide gels. Eur. J. Biochem. 46, 83–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Cline, K., Andrews, J., Mersey, B., Newcomb, B.H., Keegstra, K. (1981) Separation and characterization of inner and outer envelope membranes of pea chloroplasts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 3595–3999

    Google Scholar 

  • Cline, K., Werner-Washburne, M., Andrews, J., Keegstra, K. (1984) Thermolysin is a suitable protease for probing the surface of intact pea chloroplasts. Plant Physiol. 75, 675–678

    Google Scholar 

  • Cline, K., Keegstra, K., Staehelin, L.A. (1985) Freeze fracture electron microscopic analysis of ultrarapidly frozen envelope membranes on intact chloroplasts and after purification. Protoplasma 125, 111–123

    Google Scholar 

  • Douce, R., Block, M.A., Dorne, A.J., Joyard, J. (1984) The plastid envelope membranes: their structure, composition and role in chloroplast biogenesis. Subcell. Biochem. 10, 1–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Flügge, U.-I., Benz, R. (1984) Pore forming activity in the outer membrane of the chloroplast envelope. FEBS Lett. 169, 85–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Flügge, U.-I., Heldt, H.W. (1981) The phosphate translocator of the chloroplast envelope: isolation of the carrier protein and reconstitution of transport. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 638, 296–304

    Google Scholar 

  • Harlow, E., Lane, D. (1988) Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

  • Joyard, J., Billecocq, A., Bartlett, S. G., Block, M. A., Chua, N. H., Douce, R. (1983) Localization of polypeptides to the cytosolic side of the outer envelope membrane of spinach chloroplasts. J. Biol. Chem. 258, 10000–10006

    Google Scholar 

  • Keegstra, K., Youssif, A.E. (1986) Isolation and characterization of chloroplast envelope membranes. Methods Enzymol. 118, 316–325

    Google Scholar 

  • Keegstra, K., Olsen, L.J., Theg, S.M. (1989) Chloroplastic precursors and their transport across the envelope membranes. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 40, 471–501

    Google Scholar 

  • Laemmli, U.K. (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T 4. Nature 227, 680–685

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larsson, C., Kjellbohm, P., Widell, S., Lundberg, T. (1984) Sidedness of plant plasma membrane vesicles purified by partitioning in aqueous two phase systems. FEBS Lett. 171, 271–276

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L., Randall, R.J. (1951) Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193, 265–275

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lubben, T.H., Keegstra, K. (1986) Efficient in vitro import of a cytosolic heat shock protein into pea chloroplasts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 5502–5506

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakatani, A.J., Barber, J. (1977) An improved method for isolating chloroplasts retaining their outer membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 416, 510–512

    Google Scholar 

  • Salomon, M., Fischer, K., Flügge, U.-I., Soll, J. (1990) Sequence analysis and protein import studies of an outer chloroplast envelope polypeptide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 5778–5782

    Google Scholar 

  • Soll, J. (1987) α-Tocopherol and plastoquinone synthesis in chloroplast membranes. Methods Enzymol. 148, 383–392

    Google Scholar 

  • Soll, J., Berger, V., Bennett, J. (1989) Adenylate effects on protein phosphorylation in the interenvelope lumen of pea chloroplasts. Planta 177, 393–400

    Google Scholar 

  • Towbin, A., Staehlin, T., Gordon, J. (1979) Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: Procedure and some applications. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 4350–4354

    Google Scholar 

  • Waegemann, K., Soll, J. (1991) Characterization of the protein import apparatus in isolated outer envelopes of chloroplasts. Plant J. 1, 149–159

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

We thank P. Å. Albertsson, Lund, Sweden, for introducing one of us (S. E.) to the technique of phase partitioning. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 246) and Fonds der Chemischen Industrie.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Waegemann, K., Eichacker, S. & Soll, J. Outer envelope membranes from chloroplasts are isolated as right-side-out vesicles. Planta 187, 89–94 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00201628

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00201628

Key words

Navigation