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Transforming growth factor-β and prostate cancer

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Summary

This review focuses on the possible role of transforming growth factor-β isoforms 1–3 (TGFβ) in prostate cancer. TGFβ1 appears to inhibit the cellular proliferation of normal prostate cells. Surprisingly, TGFβ1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer. To help explain this apparent paradox, it has been revealed that with tumor progression, prostate cancer cells acquire reduced sensitivity to the growth-inhibitory effects of TGFβ1. Aberrations of the TGFβ1 signaling pathway at the prereceptor, receptor, or postreceptor level may lead to prostate cancer cell resistance to TGFβ1 growth inhibition. Indirectly, elevated levels of TGFβ1 may induce host effects that may be beneficial to prostate tumor growth by suppressing the immune system, promoting angiogenesis and extracellular matrix formation, and enhancing metastatic potential. Consequently, TGFβ1 appears to be important in prostate carcinogenesis and tumorigenicity. TGFβ2 and TGFβ3 are only briefly presented as very little is known about their role in prostate cancer.

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  1. Department of Urology and Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

    M. S. Steiner

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Steiner, M.S. Transforming growth factor-β and prostate cancer. World J Urol 13, 329–336 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00191213

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