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The morphology, innervation and neural control of the anterior arterial system of Aplysia californica

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Summary

The morphology, innervation, and neural control of the anterior arterial system of Aplysia californica were investigated. Immunocytochemical and histochemical techniques generated positive reactions in the anterior arterial system for several neuroactive substances, including SCPB, FMRFamide, R15α1 peptide, dopamine and serotonin. Three neurons were found to innervate the rostral portions of the anterior arterial tree. One is the identified peptidergic neuron R15 in the abdominal ganglion, and the other two are a pair of previously unidentified neurons, one in each pedal ganglion, named pedal arterial shorteners (PAS)- The endogeneously bursting neuron R15 was found to innervate the proximal anterior aorta. It also innervates a branch of the distal anterior aorta, the left pedal-parapodial artery. Activity in R15 causes constriction of the left pedal-parapodial artery. This effect is presumed to direct hemolymph towards the genital groove and penis on the right side in vivo. This vasoconstrictor action of R15 is mimicked by the R15α1 peptide. The PAS neuron pair causes longitudinal contraction of the rostral anterior aorta and the pedal-parapodial arteries. In vivo, the pair is active during behaviors involving head withdrawal and turning. By adjusting the length of the arteries during postural changes, the PAS neurons may prevent disturbances in blood flow due to bending or kinking of the arterial walls.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 722 West 168 Street, 10032, New York, N.Y., USA

    M. E. Skelton & J. Koester

  2. Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 722 West 168 Street, 10032, New York, N.Y., USA

    J. Koester

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  1. M. E. Skelton
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  2. J. Koester
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Skelton, M.E., Koester, J. The morphology, innervation and neural control of the anterior arterial system of Aplysia californica . J Comp Physiol A 171, 141–155 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00188923

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00188923

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