Abstract
The effects of kanamycin (KM) and gentamicin (GM) on the in-vitro electroretinogram of the albino rabbit were studied. The b-wave and oscillatory potentials (OPs) were unchanged by 0.1 mM KM. The photopic b-wave and OPs were slightly suppressed by 0.4 mM. The b-wave and OPs were not deteriorated by 23 µg/ml (approximately 0.05 mM) GM. The photopic b-wave and OPs were slightly suppressed by 46 µg/ml (approximately 0.1 mM) GM. The minimum concentration affecting the ERG was tentatively defined as the mean of the minimum concentration needed to change the ERG and the maximum concentration which induced no discernible changes in the ERG. The minimum concentration of KM and GM affecting the ERG were 0.25mM (approximately 150 μg/ml) and 35 μg/ml (approximately 0.075 mM) respectively. The minimum concentration of KM affecting the ERG was higher than its minimum inhibitory concentration against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The minimum concentration of GM affecting the ERG was higher than its mimimum inhibitory concentration against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barza M, Baum J, Kane A. Inhibition of antibiotic activity in vitro by synthetic melanin. Antimicro Agents Chemother 1976; 10: 569–70.
Bennet TO, Peyman GA. Toxicity of intravitreal aminoglycosides in primates. Canad J Ophthalmol 1974; 9: 475–78.
D'Amico DJ, Libert J, Kenyon KR, Hanninen LA, Caspers-Velu L. Retinal toxicity of intravitreal gentamicin. An electron microscopic study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1984; 25: 564–72.
Garcia RI, Szabo G, Fitzpatrick TB. Molecular and cell biology of melanin. In: Sinn KM, Marmor MF, eds. The retinal pigment epithelium. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979: 124–47.
Hayasaka S. Lysosomes and the eye. In: Dingle JT, Dean RT, Sly W, eds. Lysosomes in biology and pathology. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1984: 421–41.
Ichimura F, Deguchi Y, Furuse Y, Ohnogi J, Yonemura D, Kawasaki K, Tanabe J. Concentration of antibiotics in perfusing solution for in-vitro ERG experiments. Jpn Rev Clin Ophthalmol 1986; 80: 131 (abstract)
Kawaguchi H, Yonemura D, Kawasaki K, Shibata N, Usukura H, Tanabe J, and Nakagawa H. The pH-dependence of the rabbit ERG in-vitro, Acta Soc Ophthalmol Jpn 1979; 83: 454–62.
Kawasaki K, Ohnogi J, Okayama Y. Effects of antibiotics on the in-vitro ERG of the albino rabbit - Penicillins and cephalosporins antibiotics. Doc Ophthalmol, in press.
Kawasaki K, Ohnogi J. Concentration of amphotericin B for intravitreal use - evaluated by in-vitro ERG. Doc Ophthalmol, in press.
Libert J, Ketelbant-Balasse PE, Van Hoof F, Aubert-Tulkens G, Tulkens P. Cellular toxicity of gentamicin. Am J Ophthalmol 1979; 87: 405–11.
Maeda K, Ueda M, Yagishita K, Kawaji S, Kondo S, Murase M, Takeuchi T, Okami Y, Umezawa H. Studies of kanamycin. J Antibiot, Series A 1957; 10: 228–31.
Nagayama R. Studies on the electroretinogram of the isolated rabbit retina. I. Method for maintaining light-evoked electrical responses in vitro. Acta Soc Ophthalmol Jpn 1969; 73: 1900–1908.
Nakazawa S, Sato K, Yoshida I, Saoshita N, Nose E, Fukui M. Bacteriological assessment of a new aminoglycoside KW-1062. Chemotherapy 1977; 25: 1828–37.
Ohishi M, Nisizuka K, Motoyama M, Ogawa T. Basic and clinical study of KW-1062 for ophthalmic use. Chemotherapy 1977; 25: 2282–87.
Palimeris G, Moschos M, Chimonidou E, Panagakis E, Andreanos D, Smirnif T. Intravitreal injection of gentamicin. Experimental findings. Doc Ophthalmol Proc Series 1978; 15: 45–52.
Peyman GA, May DR, Ericson ES, Apple D. Intraocular injection of gentamicin. Toxic effects and clearance. Arch Ophthalmol 1974; 92: 42–47.
Peyman GA, Nelsen P, Bennett TO. Intravitreal injection of kanamycin in experimentally induced endophthalmitis. Canad J Ophthalmol 1974; 9: 322–27.
Shibata N. Osmotic behavior of the rabbit ERG. Acta Soc Ophthalmol Jpn 1974; 78: 844–57.
Steinberg RH, Schmidt R, Brown KT. Intracellular responses to light from cat pigment epithelium. Origin of the electroretinogram c-wave. Nature 1970; 227: 728–30.
Yonemura D, Kawasaki K, Shibata N, Tanabe J. The electroretinographic P III component of the human excised retina. Jpn J Ophthalmol 1974; 18: 322–33.
Zachary IG, Forster RK. Experimental intravitreal gentamicin. Am J Ophthalmol 1976; 82: 604–11.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kawasaki, K., Ohnogi, J. Nontoxic concentration of kanamycin and gentamicin for intravitreal use — evaluated by in vitro ERG. Doc Ophthalmol 69, 331–340 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00162747
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00162747