Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and systolic function in hypertensive patients during long-term treatment with ketanserin

Summary

It is now generally accepted that antihypertensive therapy can induce regression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in hypertensive subjects. However, the influence of LVH reversal on both the systolic and diastolic functions, and particularly the ability of the heart to meet sudden overloads caused by exercise and/or recurrence of hypertension, remain unanswered questions. The long-term effects of ketanserin, a selective serotonin S₂-receptor antagonist with additional alpha₁-adrenergic blocking properties, on LVH and systolic function were studied in 13 untreated subjects (age range 35–55 years) with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension, echocardiographic evidence of LVH, and normal ejection fraction. Blood pressure values and echocardiographic measurements of dimensions, wall thicknesses, and indices of LV mass were determined before and after 3, 6, and 12 months treatment; ejection fractions at rest and during exercise were evaluated by equilibrium multigated radionucleide angiocardiography at baseline and after 12 months of therapy. Mean arterial pressure was significantly reduced from the first month of treatment (p<0.001) and remained well controlled up to the end of the trial. Both posterior and septum wall thicknesses decreased after 3 months of therapy and remained stable throughout the whole study period. LV mass index decreased from a mean ± SD of 187.7±47.6 g/m² to a mean of 157.81±31.63 g/m² (p<0.01) at the third month, reaching greater decreases after 6 months (156.05±31.00 g/m²) and after 12 months (153.21±28.80 g/m²) of treatment. A significant correlation was found between LV mass and posterior wall thickness at the different observation times in the study. Finally, the regression of LVH at the end of therapy was not associated with impairment of systolic function, as assessed by measurements of ejection fraction at rest and during exercise.