Abstract
Conditions were defined for plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in pea, using explants from immature zygotic embryos or from shoot apices. For the induction of somatic embryos, an auxin (picloram or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) was required. Embryogenic callus originated from embryonic axis tissue of immature embryos and from the axillary-bud region and the plumula of shoot apices. A clear effect of embryo size on somatic embryogenesis was shown. There were differences in frequency of somatic embryogenesis among the five genotypes used in the study. Additions of BA to auxin-containing medium reduced embryo production. Histological examinations confirmed the embryogenic nature of the immature embryo cultures and revealed that somatic embryos originated from the meristematic areas near the callus surface.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- BA:
-
benzyladenine
- 2,4-D:
-
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- NAA:
-
naphthaleneacetic acid
- picloram:
-
4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid
References
Ammirato PV (1983) Embryogenesis. In: Evans DA, Sharp WR, Ammirato PV, Yamada Y (Eds) Handbook of Plant Cell Culture, Vol 1 (pp 82–123) MacMillan Publ Co, New York
Barwale UB, Kerns HR, Widholm JM (1986) Plant regeneration from callus cultures of several soybean genotypes via embryogenesis and organogenesis. Planta 167: 473–481
Ezhova TA, Bagrova AM, Gostimskii SA (1985) Shoot formation in calluses from stem tips, epicotyls, internodes and leaves of different pea genotypes. Soviet Plant Physiol 32: 513–520
Gerlach D (1977) Botanische Mikrotechnik (2nd ed) Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart
Gharyal PK, Maheshwari SC (1983) Genetic and physiological influences on differentiation in tissue cultures of a legume, Lathyrus sativus. Theor Appl Genet 66: 123–126
Ghazi TD, Cheema HV, Nabors MW (1986) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from embryogenic callus of soybean, Glycine max L. Plant Cell Rep 5: 452–456
Griga M, Kubaláková M, Tejklová E (1987) Somatic embryogenesis in Vicia faba L. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 9: 167–171
Hussey G, Gunn HV (1984) Plant production in pea (Pisum sativum L. cvs Puget and Upton) from long-term callus with superficial meristems. Plant Sci Lett 37: 143–148
Ingensiep H-W (1982) The morphogenetic response of intact pea seedlings with respect to translocation and metabolism of root-applied auxin. Z Pflanzenphysiol 105: 149–164
Jacobsen H-J, Kysely W (1984) Induction of somatic embryos in pea, Pisum sativum L. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 3: 319–324
Kao KN, Michayluk MR (1981) Embryoid formation in alfalfa cell suspension cultures from different plants. In Vitro 17: 645–648
Kartha KK, Gamborg OL, Constabel F (1974) Regeneration of pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants from shoot apical meristems. Z Pflanzenphysiol 72: 172–176
Kohlenbach HW (1978) Comparative somatic embryogenesis. In: Thorpe TA (Ed) Frontiers of Plant Tissue Culture (pp 59–66) Univ Calgary Press, Calgary
Kysely W (1985) Induction of somatic embryos in pea, Pisum sativum L. Pisum Newslett 17: 38–39
Kysely W, Myers JR, Lazzeri PA, Collins GB, Jacobsen H-J (1987) Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in pea (Pisum sativum L.) Plant Cell Rep 6: 305–308
Lazzeri PA, Hildebrand DF, Collins GB (1985) A procedure for plant regeneration from immature cotyledon tissue of soybean. Plant Mol Biol Rep 3: 160–167
Lazzeri PA, Hildebrand DF, Collins GB (1987) Soybean somatic embryogenesis: effects of hormones and culture manipulations. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 10: 197–208
Lippmann B, Lippmann G (1984) Induction of somatic embryos in cotyledonary tissue of soybean, Glycine max L. Merr. Plant Cell Rep 3: 215–218
Lönning W-E (1982) Dominance, overdominance and epistasis in Pisum sativum L. Theor Appl Genet 63: 255–264
Malmberg RL (1979) Regeneration of whole plants from callus culture of diverse genetic lines of Pisum sativum L. Planta 146: 243–244
McWilliam AA, Smith SM, Street HE (1974) The origin and development of embryoids in suspension cultures of carrot (Daucus carota). Ann Bot 38: 243–250
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15: 473–497
Ranch JP, Oglesby L, Zielinsky AC (1985) Plant regeneration from embryo-derived tissue cultures of soybeans. In Vitro 21: 653–658
Rao PS, Narayanaswami S (1972) Morphogenetic investigations in callus cultures of Tylophora indica. Physiol Plant 27: 271–276
Rubluo A, Kartha KK, Mroginski LA, Dyck J (1984) Plant regeneration from pea leaflets cultured in vitro and genetic stability of regenerants. J Plant Physiol 117: 119–130
Williams EG, Maheswaran G (1986) Somatic embryogenesis: factors influencing coordinate behaviour of cells as an embryogenic group. Ann Bot 57: 443–462
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kysely, W., Jacobsen, HJ. Somatic embryogenesis from pea embryos and shoot apices. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 20, 7–14 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00034751
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00034751