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Pre-selection for juvenile period, flowering and picking time in apple seedlings

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Abstract

The length of the juvenile period was found to be associated with the degree of juvenility (degree to which seedlings show juvenile symptoms) and with the time leaf buds break in spring. The time of bud break was also related to time of flowering; bud break and juvenility were not interrelated. The observations suggest that preselection on the basis of a low degree of juvenility and early bud break together would substantially increase the proportion of early-bearing and, to a smaller extent, that of early-flowering seedlings in the selected material. The shift towards earlier flowering was not accompanied by an advance of the date at which flowering ended, at least when the selection limit is based on the progeny mean.

The degree of leaf fall (colour) during autumn appeared to be closely related to the time the fruits become picking ripe; no significant relation existed between this parameter and juvenility or bud break. The degree or time of leaf fall (colour) is a possible pre-selection criterion of the time of picking.

Samenvatting

De duur van de jeugdperiode bleek verband te houden zowel met de mate van juveniliteit als met de tijd dat de bladknoppen in het voorjaar uitlopen. Er bestond ook samenhang tussen uitlopen en bloeitijd, maar geen samenhang tussen het uitlopen en de mate van juveniliteit. Het is waarschijnlijk, dat voor-selectie op zowel geringe juveniliteit als vroeg uitlopen het percentage vroeg produktieve zaailingen in het geselecteerde materiaal aanzienlijk zou verhogen; in mindere mate ook het percentage vroeg-bloeiende zaailingen. De verschuiving naar vroeger bloeiend ging niet gepaard met een vervroeging van het tijdstip waarop de bloei eindigde. De mate van bladval (verkleuring) gedurende de herfst bleek sterk gecorreleerd te zijn met de pluktijd van de vruchten. De mate of de tijd van bladval kan dienen om de zaailingen in een vroeg stadium op pluktijd te selecteren.

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Visser, T., Schaap, A.A. Pre-selection for juvenile period, flowering and picking time in apple seedlings. Euphytica 16, 109–121 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00034104

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