Abstract
The ontogeny of somatic embryos was followed in liquid cultured Nerine tissue. Proliferating, nodular meristematic clusters were maintained in bubble bioreactors in a medium supplemented with 0.25 μM 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 10 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 8.7 μM Paclobutrazol (PAC). Regeneration of plantlets from this tissue was limited. Omission of PAC from the medium induced proembryogenic clusters. Embryo development and maturation were enhanced in flask cultures by substituting N6-(isopentenyl) adenine (2iP) for BA and elevating the sucrose concentration in the medium to 6%. High rates of embryo germination occurred in a growth regulator-free, low (3%) sucrose medium. Bulblet-bearing plantlets developed on agar-solidified, auxin-supplemented media. Recurrent embryogenesis occurred in long term growth regulator-free, or high sucrose media. The potential of using the somatic embryogenesis pathway for micropropagation of Nerines is described.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abo el-Nil MM (1977) Organogenesis and embryogenesis in callus cultures of garlic (Allium sativum L) Plant. Sci. Lett. 9: 259–264
Aitken-Christie J Singh AP & Davies H (1988) Multiplication of meristematic tissue: a new system for Radiata pine. In: Hanover JW & Keathley DE (Eds) Genetic Manipulation of Woody Plants (pp 413–431). Plenum Press NY
Ammirato PV (1983) Embryogenesis In: Evans DA, Sharp WR Ammirato PV & Yamada Y (Eds) Handbook of Plant Cell Culture. Techniques for Propagation and Breeding, Vol 1 (pp 582–123). Macmillan, NY
Ammirato PV (1985) Patterns of development in culture. In: Henke RR, Huges KW, Constantin MS & Hollaender A (Eds) Tissue Culture in Forestry and Agriculture (pp 9–29). Plenum Press NY
Ammirato PV (1987) Organizational events during somatic embryogenesis. In: Green CE, Somers DA Hackett WP & Biesboer DD (Eds) Plant Tissue and Cell Culture (pp 57–81). Alan R Liss Inc. N Y
Ammirato PV & Steward FC (1971) Some effects of environment on the development of embryos from cultured free cells. Bot. Gaz. 132: 149–158
Ammirato PV & Styer RS (1985) Strategies for large scale manipulation of somatic embryos in suspension culture. In: Zaitlin M Day P & Hollaender A (Eds) Biotechnology in Plant Science (pp 161–178). Academic Press N Y
Christianson ML (1985) An embryogenic culture of soybean: towards a general theory of somatic embryogenesis. In: Henke RR Huges KW Constantin MJ & Hollaender A (Eds) Tissue Culture in Forestry and Agriculture (pp 83–103). Plenum Press N Y
Esau K (1977) Anatomy of Seed Plants (pp 482–485). John Wiley N Y
Kamo K Chen J & Lawson R (1990) The establishment of cell suspension cultures of Gladiolus that regenerate plants. In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. 26: 425–430
Krikorian AD & Kann RP (1981) Plantlet production from morphogenetically competent cell suspensions of daylily. Ann. Bot. 47: 679–686
Krikorian AD & Kann RP (1986) Regeneration in Liliaceae, Iridaceae and Amaryllidaceae In: Vasil IK (Ed) Cell Culture and Somatic Cell Genetics. Plant Regeneration and Genetic Variability, Vol 3 (pp 187–205). Academic Press N Y
Levi A & Sink KC (1992) Asparagus somatic embryos: production in suspension culture and conversion to plantlets on solidified medium as influenced by carbohydrate regime. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 31: 115–122
Lilien-Kipnis H Ziv M & Kahany S (1990) Proliferation and plantlet regeneration from inflorescence derived Nerine explants. In: de Jong J (Ed) Integration of in Vitro Techniques in Ornamental Plant Breeding (pp 28–33). Eucarpia Sect. Ornamentals Wageningen
Lilien-Kipnis H Ziv M Kahany S & Azizbekova N (1992) Proliferation and regeneration of Nerine in liquid culture. Acta Hortic. 325: 467–473
McCown BH Zeldin EL Pinkalla HA & Dedolph RD (1988) Nodule culture: a developmental pathway with high potential for regeneration, automated micropropagation and plant metabolite production in woody plants. In: Hanover JW & Keathley DE (Eds) Genetic Manipulation of Woody Plants (pp 149–166). Plenum Press N Y
Murashige T & Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15: 473–497
Parrot WA & Bailey MA (1993) Characterization of recurrent somatic embryogenesis of alfalfa on auxin-free medium. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 32: 69–76
Preil W (1991) Application of bioreactors in plant propagation. In: Debergh PC & Zimmerman RH (Eds) Micropropagation: Technology and Aplication (pp 425–455). Kluwer Acad. Publ. Dordrecht
Reuther G (1977) Embryoide Differenzierungs-muster in Callus der Gattungen Iris und Asparagus. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 90: 417–437
Radojevic L & Subotic A (1992) Plant regeneration of Iris setosa Pall. through somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis. J. Plant Physiol. 139: 690–696
Sass JE (1985) Botanical Microtechnique. The Iowa State University Press, Ames
Steward FC & Mapes MO (1971) Morphogenesis and plant propagation in aseptic cultures of asparagus. Bot. Gaz. 133: 70–79
Takayama S and Misawa M (1983) The mass propagation of Lilium in-vitro by stimulation of multiple adventitious bulb scale formation and by shake culture. Can. J. Bot. 61: 224–228
Vasil IK & Vasil V (1986) Regeneration in cereals and other grass crops In: Vasil IK (Ed) Cell Culture and Somatic Cell Genetics of Plants. Plant Regeneration and Genetic Variability, Vol 3 (pp 121–150). Academic Press N Y
Ziv M (1989) Enhanced shoot and cormlet proliferation in liquid cultured gladiolus buds by growth retardants. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 17: 101–110
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lilien-Kipnis, H., Azizbekova, N. & Ziv, M. Scaled-up proliferation and regeneration of Nerine in liquid cultures Part II. Ontogeny of somatic embryos and bulblet regeneration. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 39, 117–123 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00033919
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00033919