The importance of initial seed size in wheat plant response to salinity

Abstract

Large initial seed size frequently confers distinct advantages on cereal crops in terms of seedling vigor, hardiness, improved stand establishment, and higher productivity. This study was conducted to determine if these advantages inherent in the plants grown from large seeds persist when the crop is subjected to salinity stress. Two hard red spring wheat cultivars, ‘Yecora Rojo’ and ‘Anza’ were grown in greenhouse sand cultures from seed of two size classes that differed in weight by a factor of 2. The cultures were irrigated four times daily with complete nutrient solutions to which NaCl and CaCl₂ (2:1 molar ratio) were added to achieve osmotic potentials of −0.05. −0.55, and −0.70 MPa with electrical conductivities of 1.8, 12.8, and 15.8 dS m^-1, respectively. In response to both salinity and small initial seed size, the following plant characteristics decreased: leaf appearance rate, blade area, tillers per plant, spikelets per spike and seeds per spike. Plants grown from large seeds out-yielded those from small seeds by 8, 37, and 27% for Yecora Rojo and by 15, 30, and 23% for Anza at osmotic potentials of −0.05, −0.55 and −0.70 MPa, respectively. Compared to the corresponding nonsaline controls, the yield of Yecora Rojo grown at −0.55 MPa was 51% for the plants from large seed and 35% from the small seeds. For Anza salinized at −0.55 MPa, these values were 49 and 40%, respectively. Exploitation of the benefits derived from large initial seed size may be a cost-effective management strategy for improving wheat productivity in salt-affected areas.