Abstract
A prerequisite for most transformation systems is an efficient and reliable method to regenerate phenotypically normal plants. Immature embryos or cotyledons were cultured at three developmental stages (stage 1, 2 and 3, PF=3, 30–60, and 100, respectively) from two unrelated apricot genotypes, ‘Zard’ and ‘NJA82’. Explants were cultured on MS media supplemented with either BA or TDZ at four concentrations (0, 0.5, 5.0 or 20 μM) and 2,4-D at 0 or 1 μM. Stage 1 embryos cultured on MS medium without growth regulators formed embryoid-like structures. Shoot primordia induction was greatest with stage 2 cotyledons on media containing 5–20 μM TDZ and 1 μM 2,4-D, although shoot morphology was abnormal, especially with the highest level of TDZ. In another factorial experiment, stage 2 cotyledons were cultured on media containing TDZ (0, 5, 7.5, 10, 15 or 20 μM) in combination with either no auxin, 1 μM 2,4-D, 1 μM IBA, or 5 μMIBA. Regeneration percentages of 80% or more were observed on media containing 1–5 μM IBA and 5–10 μM TDZ. The medium containing 5 μM IBA and no TDZ exhibited the highest frequency of phenotypically normal plantlet regeneration.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- BA:
-
6-benzylaminopurine
- IBA:
-
indole-3-butyric acid
- 2,4-D:
-
2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- 2iP:
-
2-isopentenyladenine
- MS:
-
Murashige and Skoog basal medium
- NAA:
-
1-naphthaleneacetic acid
- PF:
-
percent fill [(embryo length/seed length) × 100]
- TDZ:
-
thidiazuron [N-phenyl-N(1,2,3,-thidiazol-5-yl)-urea]
- WPM:
-
McCown's woody plant medium
References
Borkowska B and Litwinczuk W (1993) Activity of thidiazuron in vitro shoot cultures of Prunus sp. and Morus alba. Biol Plant 35: 63–67
Fiola JA, Hassan MA, Swartz HJ, Bors RH and McNicols R (1990) Effect of thidiazuron, light fluence rates and kanamycin on in vitro shoot organogenesis from excised Rubus cotyledons and leaves. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 20: 223–228
Goldstein CS and Kronstad WE (1986) Tissue culture and plant regeneration from immature embryo explants of barley Hordeum vulgare. Theor Appl Genet 71: 248–251
Hammerschlag F (1982) Factors influencing in vitro multiplication and rooting of plum rootstock Myrobalan (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.) J Am Soc Hortic Sci 107: 44–47
Hammerschlag FA, Bauchan G and Scorza R (1985) Regeneration of peach plants from callus derived from immature embryos. Theor Appl Genet 70: 248–251
Hammerschlag FA, Bauchan GR and Scorza R (1987) Factors influencing in vitro multiplication and rooting of peach cultivars. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 8: 235–242
Huetteman CA and Preece JE (1993) Thidiazuron: a potent cytokinin for woody plant tissue culture. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 33: 105–119
Kester DE and Hesse CO (1955) Embryo culture of peach varieties in relation to season of ripening. Proc Am Soc Hortic Sci 65: 265–273
Laimer da Câmara Machado M, da Câmara Machado A, Hanzer V, Weiss H, Regner F, Steinkellner H, Mattanovich D, Plail R, Knapp E, Kalthoff B and Katinger H (1992) Regeneration of transgenic plants of Prunus armeniaca containing the coat protein gene of Plum Pox Virus. Plant Cell Rep 11: 25–29
Lane WD and Cossio F (1986) Adventitious shoots from cotyledons of immature cherry and apricot embryos. Can J Plant Sci 66: 953–959
Llyod G and McGown B (1980) Commercially feasible micro-propagation of mountain laurel Kalmia latifoliai by use of shoot tip culture. Inter Plant Prop Combined Proc 30: 421–426
Mante S, Morgens PH, Scorza R, Cordts JM and Callahan AM (1991) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of plum (Prunus domestica L.) hypocotyl slices and regeneration of transgenic plants. Bio/Technology 9: 853–857
Mante S, Scorza R and Cordts JM (1989) Plant regeneration from cotyledons of Prunus persica, Prunus domestica and Prunus cerasus. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 19: 1–11
Murashige T and Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol Plant 15: 473–497
Nielsen JM, Brandt K and Hansen J (1993) Long-term effects of thidiazuron are intermediate between benzyladenine, kinetin, or isopentenyladenine in Miscanthus sinensis. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 35: 173–179
VanNieuwkerk JP, Zimmerman RH and Fordham I (1986) Thidiazuron stimulation of apple shoot proliferation in vitro. HortScience 21: 516–518
Pieterse RE (1989) Regeneration of plants from callus and embryos of ‘Royal’ apricot. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 19: 175–179
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Goffreda, J.C., Scopel, A.L. & Fiola, J.A. Indole butyric acid induces regeneration of phenotypically normal apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) plants from immature embryos. Plant Growth Regul 17, 41–46 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00024493
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00024493