Summary
Perennial kale is a rare vegetable and forage crop in the Dutch province of Limburg where it is disappearing. It may be a relic of a primitive kale form which could have been grown on a large scale in West-Europe. The crop is predominantly vegetatively propagated.
Cytological investigations indicated that a number of accessions are autotetraploid with 2n=4x=36. The origin and age of these autotetraploid accessions are not known, but they may stem from adventitious buds on wounded tissue during the vegetative propagation.
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Zeven, A.C., Ramanna, M.S., Boeder, M. et al. Diploids and natural autotetraploids in the predominantly vegetatively propagated Brassica oleracea L. var. ramosa DC and their cytology. Euphytica 41, 59–64 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00022411
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00022411