Skip to main content
Log in

Filamentous organisms in activated sludge

  • Published:
Hydrobiologia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Activated sludge, as an aerobic environment rich in organic matter, often provides the optimum conditions for the development of colourless filaments. From the taxonomic point of view, these colourless filaments can be divided into three groups of basic characteristics: bacteria, cyanophyceae and fungi. The effort to distinguish these three groups is not only inspired by the endeavour to classify them taxonomically correctly, but rather by possible different physiological efficiencies of the individual groups. This may be their basic significance for the determination of technical parameters of the activated sludge process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bourrelly, P. & Denizot, M. - 1959–1960 - Présence en Côte d'Ivoire de Saprochaete saccharophila Coker & Shanor.Rev. Algol. 5: 189–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breed, R. S., Murray, E. G. D. & Smith, N. R. - 1957 - Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. 7th Edit., London.

  • Brock, T. D. - 1966 - The habitat of Leucothrix mucor, a widespread marine microorganism.Limnology and Oceanography 12(2): 303–307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brock, T. D. - 1967 - Mode of Filamentous Growth of Leucothrix mucor in Pure Culture and in Nature, as Studied by Tritiazed Thyamidine Autoradiography.J. Bact. 93 (3): 985–990.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Coker, W. C. & Shanor, L. - 1936 - A Remarkable Saprophytic Fungoid Alga.J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 55: 152–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooke, W. B. & Ludzack, F. - 1958 - Predacious fungus behaviour in activated sludge systems.Sew. Ind. Wastes 30: 1490–1491.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cyrus, Z. - 1969 - Illustrated Key of the Organisms of Sewage Treatment Plants. Report of the Hydraulic Research Institute, Prague. (In Czech.)

  • Cyrus, Z. & Sladká, A. - 1970 - Several Interesting Organisms Present in Activated Sludge.Hydrobiologia 35(3)-4: 383–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duddington, C. L. - 1941 - The Friendly Fungi. London.

  • Farquhar, G. J. & Boyle, W. C. - 1971a - Identification of filamentous microorganisms in activated sludge.JWPCF 43(4): 604–622.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farquhar, G. J. & Boyle, W. C. - 1971b - Occurrence of filamentous microorganisms in activated sludge.JWPCF 43(5): 779–798.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fager, E. W. - 1969 - Recurrent Group Analysis in the Classification of Flexibacteria.J. Gen. Microbiol. 58: 179–187.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fott, B. - 1971 - Algenkunde. Fischer Vlg., Jena

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, D. L. & Lewin, R. A. - 1963 - A Preliminary Study of the Carotenoids of some Flexibacteria.Canad. J. Microbial. 9: 753–768.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holt, J. G. & Lewin, R. A. - 1968 - Herpetosiphon aurantiacus gen. et sp. n., a New Filamentous Gliding Organism.J. Bact. 95(6): 2407–2408.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Huber, L. - 1961 - Das Sphaerotilus natans - Problem.Münch Beitr. zur Abwasser-, Fischerei- and Flussbiologie 8: 144–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krištoufek, J., Ottová, V. & Pavlík, M. - 1971 - Contribution to the purification of sewage containing saccharids by mouldry and fungal activated sludges.Sborník VŠCHT Praha, F 16: 73–109. (In Czech.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, R. A. - 1962 - Saprospira grandis GROSS, and suggestion for reclassifying helical, apochlorotic, gliding organisms. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, vol. 32. Contrib. 1405.

  • Lewin, R. A. - 1963 - Rod-shaped particles in Saprospira.Nature 198 (1–3): 104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, R. A. - 1965 - Freshwater species of Saprospira.Canad. J. Microbiol. 11: 135–139.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, R. A. - 1969 - A classification of Flexibacteria.J. gen. Microbiol. 58: 189–206.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, R. A. - 1970a - Flexithrix dorotheae gen. et sp. nov. (Flexibacteriales) ; and suggestion for reclassifying sheathed bacteria.Canad. J. Microbiol. 16(6): 511–515.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, R. A. - 1970b - New Herpetosiphon species (Flexibacteriales).Canad. J. Microbiol. 16(6): 517–520.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, R. A. & Kiethe, J. - 1965 - Formation of Rhaphidosomes in Saprospira.Canad. J. Microbiol. 11: 935–938.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, R. A. & Lounsbery, D. M. - 1969 - Isolation, Cultivation and Characterization of Flexibacteria.J. gen. Microbiol. 58(1): 145–170.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, R. A. & Mandel, M. - 1970 - Saprospira toviformis nov. Spec. (Flexibacteriales) from a New Zealand seashore.Canad. J. Microbiol. 16(6): 507–510.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liebmann, H. - 1953 - Die Lebensgemeinschaft der Sphaerotilus-Flocke und die physikalisch-chemische Voraussetzung ihrer Bildung.Jb. Vom Wasser 20–24.

  • Mandel, M. & Lewin, R. A. - 1969 - Desoxyribonucleic Acid Base Composition of Flexibacteria.J. gen. Microbiol. 58: 171–178.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ottová, V. - 1967 - Mycophyta in Biological Purification of Sewage. Thesis of the Dpt. Water. Tech., Inst. Chem. Technol. (VŠCHT), Prague. (In Czech.)

  • Phaup, J. D. - 1968 - The biology of Sphaerotilus species.Wat. Res. 2(9): 597–614.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pipes, W. O. - 1965 - Carnivorous Plants in Activated Sludge. Proc. of the 20th Industr. Wast. Conf., Purdue Univ.: 647–656.

  • Pringsheim, E. G. - 1950 - The Bacterial Genus Lineola.J. Gen. Microbiol. 4: 198–209.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pringsheim, E. G. - 1963 - Farblose Algen. Fischer Vlg., Jena.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichle, R. E. & Lewin, R. A. - 1967 - Purification and structure of rhapidosomes.Canad. J. Microbiol. 14: 211–213. Pl. I–III.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanfilippo, A. & Lewin, R. A. - 1970 - Preservation of viable flexibacteria at low temperatures.Canad. J. Microbiol. 16(6): 441–444.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sladká, A. & Ottová, V. - 1968 - The Most Common Fungi in Biological Treatment Plants.Hydrobiologia 31(3–4): 350–362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sladká, A. & Zahrádka, V. - 1970 - Morphology of Activated Sludge. Práce a studie 126: 1–104; Wat. Res. Inst. (VÚV), Prague.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soriano, S. & Lewin, R. A. - 1965 - Gliding Microbes: some taxonomic reconsiderations.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 31: 66–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Starmach, K. - 1966 - Cyanophyta - Sinice - Glaucophyta - Glaucofity. Flora Slodkowodna Polski, Tom 2, Warszawa.

  • Wagner, D. S. & Daves, D. S. - 1970 - Revision of the Systematic Position of Saprochaete saccharophila.Mycologia 62(4): 791–797.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sladká, A., Ottová, V. Filamentous organisms in activated sludge. Hydrobiologia 43, 285–299 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00015352

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00015352

Keywords

Navigation