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A comparative study to elucidate the biological activities of crude extracts from rice bran and wheat bran in cell line models

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Abstract

The present study investigated the nutritional composition of bran from rice (RB) and wheat (WB) and compared the natural virtues of crude extracts based on phenolic composition, antidiabetic and anticancer activities. The profiling of phenolic-rich ethyl acetate extracts (RBE and WBE) confirms that RBE is rich in catechol (0.122 mg/g dw), p-coumaric acid (0.159 mg/g dw), kaempferol (0.374 mg/g dw) and apigenin (0.399 mg/g dw); and WBE is affluent with catechol (0.144 mg/g dw), ferulic acid (0.160 mg/g dw), caffeic acid (0.083 mg/g dw) and ellagic acid (0.074 mg/g dw). RBE exhibited better antioxidant activity, inhibited the activity of α-amylase (IC50-353.41 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50-314.22 µg/mL), hindered glycation process (IC50-451.11 µg/mL), and enhanced glucose uptake in L6 muscle cells (20.4%) indicating its potential in diabetic management. RBE was toxic to HT29 colon cancer cells and decreased cell membrane integrity. RBE and WBE arrested cell-cycle transition in HT29 cells from G0 to G1 and G2 to M phase respectively and induced apoptosis (27.15% and 5.9%, respectively for RBE and WBE) suggesting anticancer activities of the extract. The study indicates that bran from rice and wheat are a potential source of dietary fibre and phytochemicals with antidiabetic and anticancer properties for developing value-added products with nutraceutical benefits.

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Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate the research amenities provided by CSIR India. The first author is grateful to ICMR India for the junior research fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agro Processing and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate P.O. Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India

    K. B. Arun, R. Dhanya, Janu Chandran, Billu Abraham, Sannya Satyan & P. Nisha

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India

    Billu Abraham, Sannya Satyan & P. Nisha

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  1. K. B. Arun
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  2. R. Dhanya
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  3. Janu Chandran
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  4. Billu Abraham
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  5. Sannya Satyan
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  6. P. Nisha
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Correspondence to P. Nisha.

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13197_2020_4353_MOESM1_ESM.jpg

Figure S1. Flow cytometry determination of apoptosis. The quadrant Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 correspondingly portrays cells at necrotic, late apoptotic, live and early apoptotic stage. (i) Untreated control, (ii) Positive control – camptothecin (50 μM), (iii) RBE (75 μg/mL) and (iv) WBE (75 μg/mL); (D) LDH release assay showing extracts effect on cell membrane integrity [*RBE-500 μg/mL significantly different from other extracts] (JPG 287 kb)

Table S1. IC50 values of various assays for different extracts of RB and WB (DOCX 14 kb)

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Arun, K.B., Dhanya, R., Chandran, J. et al. A comparative study to elucidate the biological activities of crude extracts from rice bran and wheat bran in cell line models. J Food Sci Technol 57, 3221–3231 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-020-04353-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-020-04353-1

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