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Association of Potato Psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli; Hemiptera: Triozidae) with Lycium spp. (Solanaceae) in Potato Growing Regions of Washington, Idaho, and Oregon

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Abstract

Potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc), causes economic damage to potato crops throughout the major potato growing regions of western North America. When cultivated crops are not available, potato psyllid often occurs on non-crop hosts. In the southern U.S. and northern Mexico, native species of Lycium (Solanaceae) are important non-crop hosts for the psyllid. We determined whether Old World species of Lycium now widespread in the Pacific Northwest are reservoirs of potato psyllid in this growing region. We examined Lycium spp. across a wide geographic region in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho at irregular intervals during three growing seasons. Potato psyllids were present at all locations. To determine whether Lycium is also a host during intervals of the year in which the potato crop is not available, we monitored a subset of these sites over the entire year. Six sites were monitored at 1- to 3-week intervals from June 2014 to June 2016. Psyllids were present on Lycium throughout the year at all sites, including during winter, indicating that Lycium is also a host when the potato crop is seasonally not available. Psyllid populations included a mixture of Northwestern and Western haplotypes. We observed well-defined spring and fall peaks in adult numbers, with peaks separated by long intervals in which psyllid numbers were very low. Seasonal patterns in psyllid numbers on these non-native Lycium hosts were very similar to what has been observed on native Lycium in the desert southwest region of the U.S. Our findings demonstrate that potato psyllid associates with Lycium across a broad geographic region within the Pacific Northwest. These results will assist in predicting sources of potato psyllid colonizing potatoes in this important growing region.

Resumen

El psílido de la papa, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc), causa daño económico a los cultivos de papa a lo largo de las regiones importantes productoras de papa del occidente de Norteamérica. Cuando los cultivos no están disponibles, el psílido de la papa se presenta con frecuencia en hospederos que no son el cultivo. En el sur de Estados Unidos y en el norte de México, especies nativas de Lycium (Solanaceae) son hospederas alternativas importantes para el psílido. Nosotros determinamos si las especies de Lycium del viejo mundo ahora ampliamente dispersas en el pacífico noroccidental son reservorios del psílido de la papa en esta región del cultivo. Examinamos Lycium spp. a lo largo de una amplia región geográfica en Washington, Oregon y Idaho a intervalos irregulares durante tres ciclos de cultivo. Los psílidos de la papa estuvieron presentes en todas las localidades. Para determinar si Lycium también es hospedante durante intervalos del año en los cuales el cultivo de la papa no esta disponible, monitoreamos un subgrupo de estos sitios a lo largo de todo el año. Se monitorearon seis sitios a intervalos de 1 a 3 semanas de junio de 2014 a junio de 2016. Los psílidos estuvieron presentes en Lycium a lo largo de todo el año en todos los sitios, inclusive durante el invierno, indicando que Lycium también es un hospedero cuando el cultivo de papa no esta disponible fuera del ciclo de cultivo. La población de psílidos incluyó una mezcla de haplotipos del noroccidente y del occidente. Observamos picos bien definidos en la primavera y el otoño en número de adultos, con separación de los picos por largos intervalos en los cuales los números de psílidos fueron muy bajos. Los patrones estacionales en números de psílidos en estos hospederos de Lycium no nativos fueron muy similares a lo que se ha observado en Lycium nativo en el desierto de la región suroccidental de los E.U.A. Lo que nosotros encontramos demuestra que el psílido de la papa se asocia con Lycium a lo largo de una amplia región geográfica dentro del pacífico noroccidental. Estos resultados respaldarán en las fuentes de predicción del psílido de la papa colonizando papas en esta región importante del cultivo.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Kim Hummer for advice on morphological identification of Lycium spp. Our thanks are due to Trish Durand and Tony Stadelman of the Grant County Weed Board, Ephrata, WA, Robin Kusske of the Franklin County Weed Board, Pasco, WA, and Amoret Bunn of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA for help with locating Lycium sampling sites. We thank Alicia Hodnik, and Cesar Reyes (Department of Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID), Millie Heidt, Debra Broers, Merilee Bayer, Tamera Lewis, Becky Cochran, Pauline Anderson, and Francisco de la Rosa (all with USDA-ARS, Wapato, WA) for their technical assistance. We thank Warrick Nelson (The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, New Zealand), Don Henne (Monsanto Company, Kihei, HI), and Eugene Miliczky (USDA-ARS, Wapato, WA) for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript. Financial support for this research was partially provided by the Northwest Potato Research Consortium, USDA-ARS State Cooperative Potato Research Program, USDA-NIFA-SCRI (Project #2015-51181-24292), Washington State Department of Agriculture-Specialty Crop Block Grant Program, and Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

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  1. Tariq Mustafa

    Present address: Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA, 98951, USA

    Jenita Thinakaran, David R. Horton, W. Rodney Cooper, Tariq Mustafa & Joseph E. Munyaneza

  2. Northwest Potato Research Consortium, 95873 E. Goldmohr Ln, Lakeview, OR, 97630, USA

    Andrew S. Jensen

  3. Regional Vegetable Crops Specialist, Washington State University, 1525 E. Wheeler Road, Moses Lake, WA, 98837, USA

    Carrie H. Wohleb

  4. Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 2339, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA

    Jennifer Dahan & Alexander V. Karasev

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  1. Jenita Thinakaran
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Thinakaran, J., Horton, D.R., Rodney Cooper, W. et al. Association of Potato Psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli; Hemiptera: Triozidae) with Lycium spp. (Solanaceae) in Potato Growing Regions of Washington, Idaho, and Oregon. Am. J. Potato Res. 94, 490–499 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-017-9586-0

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