Abstract
The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli Sulc, has recently been identified as a vector of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum, the putative causal agent of zebra chip potato disease. Zebra chip is causing millions of dollars in losses to the potato industry in the United States, Mexico, Central America, and New Zealand. Currently, the most effective strategy to manage this potato disease is to target the potato psyllid with insecticides. Effective management of this insect pest requires knowledge of its biology, ecology, geographic distribution, and population dynamics. Although it is well documented that the potato psyllid is common throughout the western United States, several reports have indicated that this insect pest does not occur in Washington and Oregon. However, this insect has recently been observed and collected in this region. Studies were conducted from 2005 to 2008 to document and determine the seasonal occurrence of the potato psyllid in this important potato growing region of the United States. The potato psyllid was monitored in untreated experimental potato plots at Moxee and Prosser in south central Washington. Contrary to previous reports, the potato psyllid was found to occur in Washington and appears to migrate into the region late in the growing season. Upon arrival in south central Washington in late July, this insect readily reproduces in potatoes and appears to have at least one generation a year. The origin of potato psyllids migrating to Washington has not yet been determined. Information from this study will help potato growers in Washington manage the potato psyllid to better prevent potential zebra chip outbreaks.
Resumen
El psílido de la papa, Bactericera cockerelli Sulc, se ha identificado recientemente como un vector de Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum, el presunto agente causal de la enfermedad de la papa Zebra chip. Esta enfermedad esta causando millones de dólares en pérdidas en la industria de la papa en Estados Unidos, México, Centroamérica y Nueva Zelanda. Actualmente, la estrategia más efectiva para manejar esta enfermedad de la papa es enfocarse al psílido de la papa con insecticidas. El manejo efectivo de este insecto plaga requiere del conocimiento de su biología, ecología, distribución geográfica y dinámica poblacional. Aún cuando está bien documentado que el psílido de la papa es común a lo largo del oeste de los Estados Unidos, varios reportes indican que este insecto no se presenta en Washington y Oregon. No obstante, se le ha observado y colectado a este insecto en esta región. Se han hecho estudios de 2005 a 2008 para documentar y determinar la ocurrencia estacional del psílido de la papa en esta región tan importante de cultivo de papa en los Estados Unidos. El psílido de la papa se ha monitoreado en lotes experimentales de papa no tratados en Moxee y Prosser en la parte centro-sur de Washington. Contrario a reportes previos, se ha visto que el psílido de la papa se presenta en Washington y parece migrar al interior de la región al final del ciclo de cultivo. Al llegar al centro sur de Washington a finales de julio, el insecto se reproduce rápidamente en papa y parece tener por lo menos una generación al año. Aun no ha sido determinado el origen de los psílidos de papa que emigran a Washington. La información de este estudio ayudará a los productores de papa en Washington a manejar el psílido para una mejor prevención de establecimientos potenciales de zebra chip.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Jeff Upton, Millie Heidt, Dan Hallauer, Blaine Heilman, and Launa Hamlin for their invaluable technical assistance. We also thank Ethan C. Kane at the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, for his assistance in the identification of collected psyllids. We are also grateful to anonymous reviewers who made suggestions to an earlier draft of this manuscript. Financial support for this work was partially provided by Frito Lay, Inc. and the USDA-ARS State Cooperative Potato Research Program.
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Munyaneza, J.E., Crosslin, J.M. & Buchman, J.L. Seasonal Occurrence and Abundance of the Potato Psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli, in South Central Washington. Am. J. Pot Res 86, 513–518 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-009-9108-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-009-9108-9