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Recent Issues in Pediatric Clostridium difficile Infection

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases (I Brook, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

We focus on two recent aspects of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in children, namely the emergence of community-associated CDI (CA-CDI) and the incidence and prevention of recurrent CDI.

Recent Findings

Current surveys suggest that a large proportion of all pediatric CDI is acquired in the community. Risk factors and frequency estimates of pediatric CA-CDI, however, are confounded in babies and toddlers by a high rate of asymptomatic excretion, whose detection likely is exaggerated by the wide use of highly sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests. Recurrent diarrhea occurs in up to 25% of children with CDI. Preventative strategies for recurrent CDI in adults, namely pulse and taper antibiotic dosing, use of anti-CDI drugs with mild effect on the colonic microbiome, fecal microbiota transplantation, and passive immune therapy, currently are being tested in children.

Summary

Future studies are required to better characterize community acquisition of CDI in children and to define the safety and effectiveness of preventative strategies for recurrent CDI.

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Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA

    Jason A. Clayton & Philip Toltzis

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  1. Jason A. Clayton
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Correspondence to Jason A. Clayton.

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Drs Clayton and Toltzis declare no conflicts of interests.

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All reported studies/experiments with human or animal subjects performed by the authors have been previously published and complied with all applicable ethical standards.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Pediatric Infectious Diseases

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Clayton, J.A., Toltzis, P. Recent Issues in Pediatric Clostridium difficile Infection. Curr Infect Dis Rep 19, 49 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-017-0603-8

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