Recent Issues in Pediatric Clostridium difficile Infection

Pediatric Infectious Diseases (I Brook, Section Editor)
First Online:
Part of the following topical collections:
  1. Topical Collection on Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Abstract

Purpose of Review

We focus on two recent aspects of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in children, namely the emergence of community-associated CDI (CA-CDI) and the incidence and prevention of recurrent CDI.

Recent Findings

Current surveys suggest that a large proportion of all pediatric CDI is acquired in the community. Risk factors and frequency estimates of pediatric CA-CDI, however, are confounded in babies and toddlers by a high rate of asymptomatic excretion, whose detection likely is exaggerated by the wide use of highly sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests. Recurrent diarrhea occurs in up to 25% of children with CDI. Preventative strategies for recurrent CDI in adults, namely pulse and taper antibiotic dosing, use of anti-CDI drugs with mild effect on the colonic microbiome, fecal microbiota transplantation, and passive immune therapy, currently are being tested in children.

Summary

Future studies are required to better characterize community acquisition of CDI in children and to define the safety and effectiveness of preventative strategies for recurrent CDI.

Keywords

Clostridium difficile Pediatrics Childhood diarrhea 
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Notes

Compliance with Ethical Standards

Conflict of Interest

Drs Clayton and Toltzis declare no conflicts of interests.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

All reported studies/experiments with human or animal subjects performed by the authors have been previously published and complied with all applicable ethical standards.

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© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Division of Pediatric Critical CareRainbow Babies and Children’s HospitalClevelandUSA

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