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Removal of amoxicillin from simulated hospital effluents by adsorption using activated carbons prepared from capsules of cashew of Para

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Abstract

High-surface-area activated carbons were prepared from an agroindustrial residue, Bertholletia excelsa capsules known as capsules of Para cashew (CCP), that were utilized for removing amoxicillin from aqueous effluents. The activated carbons were prepared with the proportion of CCP:ZnCl2 1:1, and this mixture was pyrolyzed at 600 (CCP-600) and 700 °C (CCP700). The CCP.600 and CCP.700 were characterized by CHN/O elemental analysis, the hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio, FTIR, TGA, Boehm titration, total pore volume, and surface area. These analyses show that the adsorbents have different polar groups, which confers a hydrophilic surface. The adsorbents presented surface area and total pore volume of 1457 m2 g−1 and 0.275 cm3 g−1 (CCP.600) and 1419 m2 g−1 and 0.285 cm3 g−1 (CCP.700). The chemical and physical properties of the adsorbents were very close, indicating that the pyrolysis temperature of 600 and 700 °C does not bring relevant differences in the physical and chemical properties of these adsorbents. The adsorption data of kinetics and equilibrium were successfully adjusted to Avrami fractional-order and Liu isotherm model. The use of the adsorbents for treatment of simulated hospital effluents, containing different organic and inorganic compounds, showed excellent removals (up to 98.04% for CCP.600 and 98.60% CCP.700).

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Acknowledgments

We are also grateful to Chemaxon for giving us an academic research license for the Marvin Sketch software, Version 19.2.0 (http://www.chemaxon.com), 2019 used for molecule physical-chemical properties.

Funding

The authors thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil) and Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES, Brazil) for financial support and sponsorship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate program in Metallurgical, Mine and Materials Engineering (PPGE3M). School of Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, RS, 9500, Brazil

    Diana Ramos Lima, Eder C. Lima & Camille Biron

  2. Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, P.O. Box 15003, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil

    Eder C. Lima, Raphaelle Sanches da Silva & Silvio L. P. Dias

  3. Graduate program in Science of Materials (PGCIMAT). Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, RS, 9500, Brazil

    Eder C. Lima, Cibele S. Umpierres, Pascal Silas Thue & Silvio L. P. Dias

  4. RCFF-Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt

    Ghadir A. El-Chaghaby

  5. Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Bagé, RS, Brazil

    Flavio A. Pavan

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  1. Diana Ramos Lima
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  2. Eder C. Lima
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  3. Cibele S. Umpierres
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  6. Raphaelle Sanches da Silva
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  8. Silvio L. P. Dias
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Correspondence to Eder C. Lima.

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Lima, D.R., Lima, E.C., Umpierres, C.S. et al. Removal of amoxicillin from simulated hospital effluents by adsorption using activated carbons prepared from capsules of cashew of Para. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 16396–16408 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04994-6

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