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Removal of vanadium and palladium ions by adsorption onto magnetic chitosan nanoparticles

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Abstract

Chitosan (CS), synthesized from chitin chemically extracted from shrimp shells, was used for the synthesis of magnetic chitosan nanoparticles (Fe3O4-CSN), which makes the adsorbent easier to separate. Fe3O4-CSN was used for the removal of toxic metals such as vanadium (V(V)) and palladium (Pd(II)) ions from aqueous solutions. Influencing factors on the adsorption process such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and agitation speed were investigated. A competitive adsorption of V(V) and Pd(II) ions for the active sites was also studied. The monolayer maximum adsorption capacities (Qm) of 186.6 and 192.3 mg/g were obtained for V(V) and Pd(II) ions, respectively. The pseudo-second-order equation gave the best fit for the kinetic data, implying that chemisorption was the determining step. Freundlich model yielded a much better fit than the other adsorption models assessed (Langmuir, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich). Thus, the adsorption of V(V) and Pd(II) ions onto Fe3O4-CSN is a combination of physical and chemical adsorption, as based on the kinetics and equilibrium study. Generally, physical adsorption is the mechanism that governs the system, while chemical adsorption is the slowest adsorption step that takes place. Thermodynamic studies displayed that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. Removal efficiencies of 99.9% for V(V) and 92.3% for Pd(II) ions were achieved, implying that Fe3O4-CSN adsorbent had an excellent ability for the removal of the metal ions from real industrial wastewaters without remarkable matrix effect.

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Funding

We are sincerely thankful to the Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (Project number: ETRC-9434) for the financial and academic supports of the present research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Maryam Omidinasab & Mehdi Ahmadi

  2. Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Nadereh Rahbar

  3. Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Mehdi Ahmadi

  4. Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran

    Babak Kakavandi

  5. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran

    Babak Kakavandi

  6. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran

    Farshid Ghanbari

  7. Hephaestus Advanced Laboratory, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology, Kavala, Greece

    George Z. Kyzas

  8. Centro de Investigaciones en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico

    Susana Silva Martinez

  9. Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Neemat Jaafarzadeh

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  1. Maryam Omidinasab
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  2. Nadereh Rahbar
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Omidinasab, M., Rahbar, N., Ahmadi, M. et al. Removal of vanadium and palladium ions by adsorption onto magnetic chitosan nanoparticles. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 34262–34276 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3137-1

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