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Copper Oxide Nanoparticle and Copper (II) Ion Exposure in Oryza sativa Reveals Two Different Mechanisms of Toxicity

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Abstract

The effects of CuO NPs and bulk Cu at 0–1000 mg L−1 on the growth, photosynthesis and biochemical parameters were investigated in 30-day-old rice plants grown hydroponically. ICP-OES measurements showed that CuO NPs released ≤ 1 mg L−1 of Cu2+ ions compared with ≤ 81 mg L−1 by bulk Cu at their highest concentration. Both treatments showed that growth, photo-phosphorylation and carbon dioxide assimilation declined considerably. Bulk particles caused oxidative stress whereas NP showed no such effect. Electromicrographs showed that CuO NPs accumulated in chloroplasts resulting in destacking and distortions of thylakoid membranes while bulk Cu showed no such behaviour. Results suggest that NP affected the growth by accumulation in non-ionic form in chloroplasts causing damage to thylakoid membrane without oxidative damage, whereas the bulk Cu affected the growth by causing oxidative damage as a result of release of Cu2+ ions without affecting the ultrastructure of the chloroplasts.

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Acknowledgements

Maulana Azad National Fellowship (2013–2016) to MVJDC is acknowledged. Sincere thanks to National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Goa for ICP–OES, SEM and AAS measurements; Physics Department, Goa University for XRD size determination; All India Institute of Medical sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi for TEM imaging.

Contributions

Author MVJ Da Costa (PhD student) has contributed towards CuO NP–related data collection, analysis, interpretation and drafting the manuscript, N Kevat (PhD student) has contributed towards bulk Cu–related data collection and analysis and Prof. PK Sharma (supervisor) has contributed towards conception of the work, critical revision of the manuscript and final approval of the version to be published.

Funding

This work was funded by the Department of Science & Technology (DST), New Delhi (grant number SR/SO/PS–63/2009) and University grants commission–UGC–SAP (Grant number F. 3–50/2009 (SAP–II).

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  1. Department of Botany, Goa University, Taleigao, Goa, 403 206, India

    Maria Vera Jesus Da Costa, Nisha Kevat & Prabhat Kumar Sharma

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  1. Maria Vera Jesus Da Costa
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Da Costa, M.V.J., Kevat, N. & Sharma, P.K. Copper Oxide Nanoparticle and Copper (II) Ion Exposure in Oryza sativa Reveals Two Different Mechanisms of Toxicity. Water Air Soil Pollut 231, 258 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04592-0

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