Abstract
The use of complementary medicine has recently increased in an attempt to find effective alternative therapies that reduce the adverse effects of drugs. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) by-products, such as seeds, is a rich source of phytochemicals with a high antioxidant activity, thus possessing health benefits. For the identification and quantification of the pomegranate seeds chemical compounds, particular attention has been drawn to the latest developments in the HPLC coupling with electrospray ionization (ESI) MS/MS detection. In fact, a wide range of phytochemicals including phenolic acid, anthocyanins, flavonoids, hydrolysable tannins and other polyphenols were characterized. Furthermore, an exhaustive review of the scientific literature on pomegranate seeds on biomedicine and pharmacotherapy was carried out. Indeed, both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated how pomegranate seeds possess antioxidant, anti- cardiovascular diseases, anti-osteoporosis, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. The present review describes a recent tendency in research focusing on the chemical and biomedical features of the pomegranate seeds to value them as natural additives or active compounds for first-order diseases.
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Abbreviations
- 2-ME:
-
2-methoxyestradiol
- ALAT:
-
Alanine aminotransferase
- ALP:
-
Alkaline phosphatase
- ASAT:
-
Aspartate aminotransferase
- BMD:
-
Bone mineral density
- CAE:
-
Catechin equivalents
- CAT:
-
Catalase
- CGE:
-
Cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents
- CVD:
-
Cardiovascular diseases
- DMBA:
-
7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene
- DOX:
-
Doxorubicin
- DW:
-
Dry weight DXM: Dexamethasone
- FBS:
-
Fasting blood glucose
- FM:
-
Fresh matter
- FW:
-
Fresh weight
- GAE:
-
Gallic acid equivalent
- GC-MS:
-
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- GPx:
-
Glutathione peroxidase
- GSH:
-
Glutathione
- HADMSC:
-
Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- HDL:
-
High-density lipoprotein
- HFD:
-
High-fat-high fructose diet
- LDL:
-
Low-density lipoprotein
- MDA:
-
Malondialdehyde
- OVX:
-
Ovariectomized
- PA:
-
Punic acid
- PDM:
-
Defatted pomegranate seed meals
- PUFA:
-
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
- PE:
-
Pomegranate emulsion containing seed oil
- PJ:
-
Pomegranate juice
- PS:
-
Pomegranate seeds
- PSO:
-
Pomegranate seed oil
- PSR:
-
Pomegranate seeds residue
- RE:
-
Rutin equivalent
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
- TAE:
-
Tannic acid equivalent
- TFC:
-
Total flavonoid content
- TG:
-
Total triglycerides
- TPC:
-
Total phenolic content
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (Program contract 2015-2018 (LR15CBS05)).
The authors would like to thank Mrs. Leila Mahfoudhi, Teacher of English in The Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, for proofreading and polishing the language of the manuscript.
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Fourati, M., Smaoui, S., Hlima, H.B. et al. Bioactive Compounds and Pharmacological Potential of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Seeds - A Review. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 75, 477–486 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-020-00863-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-020-00863-7