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Application of silica-based monolith as solid-phase extraction sorbent for extracting toxaphene congeners in soil

  • Original Paper: Nano- and macroporous materials (aerogels, xerogels, cryogels, etc.)
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Abstract

A silica monolith was developed as a solid-phase extraction sorbent for the extraction and separation of toxaphene congeners from soil extraction solutions, prior to their measurement by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The silica monolith was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The recovery parameters including type of eluent, eluent volume, flow rate and varying amounts of sorbent were systemically optimized. Our method has a low detection limit, and it was 1.64, 0.76, 1.03 and 2.28 ng/mL for hexachloro, heptachloro, octachloro and nonachloro toxaphene, respectively. The sorbent offered good linearity with coefficient of determination (r 2) >0.99, over a concentration range of 200–1000 ng/mL. The relative recoveries of toxaphene congeners ranged between 96.8 and 105.7 % with relative standard deviations (% RSD) below 5 %. The recoveries of toxaphene congeners were 99.9–104.0 % after using the sorbent five times, showing the excellent stability and reusability of prepared silica monolith sorbent.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support for this work from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21177066, 41225014 and 31370700), the Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Tianjin (No. 15JCZDJC40800) and Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-12-0284). The authors also acknowledge support by the Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, Hightower Chair, and the Georgia Research Alliance at the Georgia Institute of Technology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Process and Standard, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China

    Xiaodong Ma, Mengying Zhao, Fengjun Zhao, Hongwen Guo & Yanying Zhu

  2. Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA

    John Crittenden & Yongsheng Chen

Authors
  1. Xiaodong Ma
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  2. Mengying Zhao
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  3. Fengjun Zhao
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  4. Hongwen Guo
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  5. John Crittenden
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  6. Yanying Zhu
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  7. Yongsheng Chen
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Correspondence to Xiaodong Ma, John Crittenden or Yongsheng Chen.

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Ma, X., Zhao, M., Zhao, F. et al. Application of silica-based monolith as solid-phase extraction sorbent for extracting toxaphene congeners in soil. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 80, 87–95 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-016-4054-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-016-4054-8

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