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Ionic liquid-modified silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles: promising adsorbents for ultra-fast extraction of paraquat from aqueous solution

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Abstract

In the present study, ionic liquid-modified silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2@IL) were synthesized and applied as adsorbents for extraction and determination of paraquat (PQ) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. For assurance of the extraction efficiency, the obtained results were compared with those obtained by bared magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Experimental design and response surface methodology were used for optimization of different parameters which affect extraction efficiency of paraquat using both adsorbents. Under the optimized conditions, extraction recoveries in the range of 20–25 and 35–40 % with satisfactory repeatability values (RSDs%, n = 4) less than 5.0 % were obtained for bared MNPs and Fe3O4@SiO2@IL, respectively. The limits of detection were 0.1 and 0.25 μg/L using Fe3O4@SiO2@IL and bared MNPs, respectively. The linearity was obtained in the range of 0.25 to 25 μg/L and 0.5 to 25 μg/L for Fe3O4@SiO2@IL and bared MNPs, respectively, with the coefficients of determination better than 0.9950. Finally, Fe3O4@SiO2@IL was chosen as superior adsorbent due to more dispersion ability, higher extraction recovery, lower detection limit, as well as better linearity and repeatability. Calculated errors (%) were in the range of 3 to 10 % depicting acceptable accuracy for the analysis of PQ by the proposed method. Finally, the method was successfully applied for extraction and determination of PQ in some water and countryside soil samples.

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Acknowledgments

The support provided by Tarbiat Modares University (Tehran, Iran) is highly appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran

    Farzad Latifeh & Yadollah Yamini

  2. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Farzad Latifeh & Shahram Seidi

Authors
  1. Farzad Latifeh
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  2. Yadollah Yamini
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  3. Shahram Seidi
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Correspondence to Yadollah Yamini.

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Responsible editor: Santiago V. Luis

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Latifeh, F., Yamini, Y. & Seidi, S. Ionic liquid-modified silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles: promising adsorbents for ultra-fast extraction of paraquat from aqueous solution. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 4411–4421 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5664-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5664-3

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