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Factors controlling temporal variability of gamma radionuclides and major-ions of bulk deposition in Málaga

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Abstract

Concentrations of both gamma radionuclides as well as major ions in bulk deposition samples were measured monthly from January 2005–December 2013 and January 2007–December 2013 respectively. The gamma radionuclides present are 7Be, 210Pb and 40K (50 % of the samples), while ions in bulk deposition were dominated by Ca2+, Cl−, \({\text{SO}}_{4}^{2 - }\) and Na+. Principal component analysis, enrichment factor and source assessment were performed to identify possible common sources. The time series of radionuclides and ions showed seasonal pattern and dependence mainly with number of African outbreaks, temperature and rain. Relatively poor correlations were observed between radionuclides and major ions.

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Acknowledgments

This work has been supported by the Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear (CSN). We gratefully acknowledge the Spanish Meteorological Agency for providing meteorological data. The authors also acknowledge the comments by anonymous referees which helped to improve the article substantially.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Physics I, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain

    C. Dueñas, M. C. Fernández, E. Gordo, S. Cañete & M. Cabello

  2. Department of Applied Physics II, Faculty of Computer Engineering, University of Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain

    E. Liger

  3. Department of Radiology and Health Physics, OPHT., and ORL Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain

    M. Pérez

Authors
  1. C. Dueñas
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  2. M. C. Fernández
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  3. E. Gordo
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  4. E. Liger
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  5. S. Cañete
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  6. M. Pérez
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  7. M. Cabello
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. Dueñas.

Appendix

Appendix

Since measurements of radionuclides in bulk deposition in Málaga are available, artificial radionuclides in bulk deposition samples have never been detected until the accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant in March 2011. The radioiodines and radiocaesiums emitted into the atmosphere from the Fukushima Dai-ichi reactors were partially transported across the Pacific Ocean. The radioactive plume first reached North America, and then moved towards the Atlantic Ocean before finally reaching Málaga 31st March [54]. 131I is detected in the sample deposition of March (284 ± 46) mBq L−1, while 134Cs and 137Cs are measured in the sample deposition of April 2011(28.7 ± 4.8 and 36.2 ± 9.4) mBq L−1 respectively.

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Dueñas, C., Fernández, M.C., Gordo, E. et al. Factors controlling temporal variability of gamma radionuclides and major-ions of bulk deposition in Málaga. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 309, 955–965 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-016-4724-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-016-4724-6

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