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Microalgae-cyanobacteria–based biostimulant effect on salinity tolerance mechanisms, nutrient uptake, and tomato plant growth under salt stress

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Abstract

High soil salinity is a major abiotic stress affecting the growth, nutrition, development, and productivity of crops. This study investigated the modulating effect of combined microalgae-cyanobacteria extract formulations (MEF1%, MEF5%, and MEF10%) prepared from the species Dunaliella salina, Chlorella ellipsoidea, Aphanothece sp., and Arthrospira maxima, on tomato plant growth and tolerance under four NaCl concentrations (0, 80, 120, and 150 mM). MEF5% enhanced the vegetative growth of tomato plants, characterized by higher shoot and root weight and larger leaf area. According to principal component analysis (PCA), improved plant growth was closely associated with leaf photosynthetic pigments, which was mainly due to improved osmotic adjustment and ion homeostasis. Proline accumulation was significantly enhanced by MEF5%-treatment in plants grown under 120 mM and 150 mM NaCl conditions. MEF5%-treatment also significantly improved nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K+) absorption in plants grown at 80 mM and 120 mM NaCl levels. Leaf lipid peroxidation through ROS oxidative stress significantly decreased with enhanced CAT and SOD activities in MEF5%-treated plants. MEF5% triggered a significant decline in fatty acid content, indicating fatty acid transformation into other lipid forms such as alkanes, which are essential in the cuticular wax synthesis of hydric stressed plants. Enhanced K+ uptake and reduced Na+/K+ ratio in the leaves of treated plants indicate MEF’s active role in reestablishing ion homeostasis. Nutrient uptake can be improved by enhanced root biomass, which subsequently increases the roots’ surface for nutrient absorption. These results indicate that MEF stimulated plant growth and tolerance responses through (i) enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and (ii) improved root growth and nutrient uptake. Therefore, combined microalgae-cyanobacteria formulations could be another sustainable alternative to boost nutrient uptake, growth, and crop adaptability under normal and saline conditions.

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Data availability statement

Besides the data provided in supplementary information, the data generated during and/or analyzed during the current study is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

Special thanks for the financial support of OCP-Agribiotech BU for the realization of this project under the best conditions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Green Biotechnology Laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation & Research (MASCIR), Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli, Madinat Al Irfane, 10 100, Rabat, Morocco

    Chanda Mutale-joan, Farid Rachidi, Hachimi Alaoui Mohamed, Najib El Mernissi, Abderrahim Aasfar, Danouche Mohammed & Hicham El Arroussi

  2. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco

    Chanda Mutale-joan, Farid Rachidi & Laila Sbabou

  3. Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, P. Box 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco

    Mustapha Barakate

  4. Agrobiosciences Program, University Mohamed 6 Polytechnic (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco

    Mustapha Barakate & Hicham El Arroussi

  5. Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco

    Danouche Mohammed

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  1. Chanda Mutale-joan
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Contributions

HA = project conception, funding acquisition, project supervision, design of methodology and revision of the manuscript. CMJ = writing (original draft preparation, review and editing), the study of physiological parameters, analysis of results. FR = experimental work, the study of physiological and biochemical parameters and manuscript revision. HAM = experimental work and analysis of results. NM = Study of nutrient uptake using Skalar nutrient auto analyser. AA = study of metabolomics using GC–MS and manuscript revision. MB = project supervision. DM = statistical analysis, visualization of results and generation of graphs using GraphPad Prism software. LS = thesis director.

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Correspondence to Hicham El Arroussi.

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Mutale-joan, C., Rachidi, F., Mohamed, H.A. et al. Microalgae-cyanobacteria–based biostimulant effect on salinity tolerance mechanisms, nutrient uptake, and tomato plant growth under salt stress. J Appl Phycol 33, 3779–3795 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-021-02559-0

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