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Laboratory culture experiments to study the effect of lignite humic acid fractions on iron solubility and iron uptake rates in phytoplankton

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Abstract

The major fractions of dissolved iron in seawater exist as a complex with organic ligands. A high bioavailability of iron bound to humic acid (HA) compared to the other model ligands, such as desferrioxamine B or ferrichrome, has been reported, which implies the importance of HA to control the geochemical behavior and the transfer of Fe to marine phytoplankton, particularly in estuarine and coastal waters. In the current work, the effect of different HA fractions (>100, 100–30, 30–10, 10–5, and 5–3 kDa), which were extracted from lignite, on the comparative solubility of iron in seawater and the corresponding influence on iron uptake and growth rate of the phytoplankton Prymnesium parvum (Haptophyta) was studied using laboratory cultures. The lower-molecular-weight (MW) HA fractions, such as 30–10, 10–5, and 5–3 kDa, remained soluble in the simulated seawater medium for a longer time span compared to the higher MW fractions. The lower MW fractions facilitated higher iron solubility and assisted in achieving a better phytoplankton growth rate. However, a reciprocal impact on phytoplankton growth rates was observed when the HA concentration increased to a higher range (0.18 to 18 mg-C L−1). The highest intracellular Fe uptake in phytoplankton occurred with 30–10 kDa HA in seawater, and the extracellular dissolved Fe concentrations were higher for smaller-sized HA fractions. In summary, our study showed that the controlled addition of lower MW fractions of HA (up to 30–10 kDa) in estuarine waters could ensure the accelerated uptake of Fe in phytoplankton as well as a better growth rate.

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Acknowledgments

The research has partially been supported by the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (15H05118) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan

    Hiroshi Hasegawa & Teruya Maki

  2. Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan

    Yousuke Tate & Masashi Ogino

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Southern University, 739/A Mehedibag Road, Chittagong, 4000, Bangladesh

    Zinnat A. Begum

  4. Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan

    Zinnat A. Begum & Ismail M. M. Rahman

  5. Denka Co., Ltd., Nihonbashi-Muromachi 2-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8338, Japan

    Toshiharu Ichijo

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  1. Hiroshi Hasegawa
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Hasegawa, H., Tate, Y., Ogino, M. et al. Laboratory culture experiments to study the effect of lignite humic acid fractions on iron solubility and iron uptake rates in phytoplankton. J Appl Phycol 29, 903–915 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-016-0982-5

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