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Forest Type Influences Population Densities of Nocturnal Lemurs in Manompana, Northeastern Madagascar

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Abstract

Forest loss, fragmentation, and anthropization threaten the survival of forest species all over the world. Shifting agriculture is one of these threatening processes in Madagascar. However, when its cycle is halted and the land is left to regenerate, the resulting growth of secondary forest may provide a viable habitat for folivorous and omnivorous lemur species. We aimed to identify the response of nocturnal lemurs to different successional stages of regenerating secondary, degraded mature, and mature forest across a mosaic-type landscape. We surveyed four nocturnal lemur species (Avahi laniger, Microcebus cf. simmonsi, Allocebus trichotis, and Daubentonia madagascariensis) in four forest types of varying habitat disturbance in northeastern Madagascar. We estimated densities in mature and regenerating secondary forest for the eastern woolly lemur (Avahi laniger) and mouse lemur (Microcebus cf. simmonsi), two sympatric species with folivorous and omnivorous diets respectively. We did not estimate densities of Allocebus trichotis and Daubentonia madagascariensis owing to small sample size; however, we observed both species exclusively in mature forest. We found higher population densities of A. laniger and M. cf. simmonsi in secondary than in mature forest, showing the potential of regenerating secondary forest for lemur conservation. Several environmental factors influenced the detectability of the two lemur species. While observer and habitat type influenced detection of the eastern woolly lemur, canopy height and vine density influenced detection of mouse lemurs. Understanding how different species with different diets interact with anthropogenically impacted habitat will aid future management decisions for the conservation of primate species.

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Acknowledgments

We thank CAFF/CORE, the Direction générale de l’Environnement et des Forêts for giving us permission to conduct this study. Financial support for this study was provided by the School of Animal Biology at The University of Western Australia, the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal (PTDC/BIA-BEC/100176/2008, PTDC/BIA-BIC/4476/2012, and SFRH/BD/64875/2009), the GDRI Madagascar, the Laboratoire d’Excellence (LABEX) entitled TULIP (ANR-10-LABX-41), and the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Portugal. The fieldwork was possible thanks to the support of ADEFA (Association de DEfense de la Foret d’Ambodiriana), now ADAFAM (Association Des Amis de la Fôret d'Ambodiriana-Manompana), and the long-term collaboration between L. Chikhi and the Département de Biologie Animale et Ecologie, University of Mahajanga. We also thank Barbara Le Pors, Senta, and Arnold for assistance with field support and guiding. We are grateful to the editor and reviewers for their detailed constructive and helpful comments that greatly helped improve the quality and clarity of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, P-2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal

    Alex Miller, Lounès Chikhi & Jordi Salmona

  2. School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia

    Alex Miller

  3. Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, 6270, Australia

    Harriet Mills

  4. Département de Biologie Animale et Ecologie, Faculté des Sciences, de Technologies et de l’Environnement de Mahajanga, 652401, Mahajanga, BP, Madagascar

    Tantely Ralantoharijaona & Nicole Andriaholinirina Volasoa

  5. Association Des Amis de la Forêt d’Ambodiriana-Manompana (ADAFAM), 3 rue des cocotiers Pointe des Châteaux, 97436, Saint Leu, France

    Chantal Misandeau

  6. Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS, IRD, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, Bat 4R1, 31062, Toulouse cedex 9, France

    Lounès Chikhi & Jordi Salmona

  7. School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia

    Roberta Bencini

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  1. Alex Miller
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Miller, A., Mills, H., Ralantoharijaona, T. et al. Forest Type Influences Population Densities of Nocturnal Lemurs in Manompana, Northeastern Madagascar. Int J Primatol 39, 646–669 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-018-0055-5

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