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Natural and anthropic effects on hydrochemistry and major and trace elements in the water mass of a Spanish Pyrenean glacial lake set

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Abstract

This study presents the key hydrochemical characteristics and concentration levels of major (Ca, Mg, Na, Si, K, Sr, Fe) and trace (Ba, Sc, Cr, Mn, Al, As, Li, Co, Cu, U, Pb, Hg, Au, Sn, Zn, Cd, Ag, Ni) elements in the water mass of four selected Pyrenean cirque glacial lakes (Sabocos, Baños, Truchas and Escalar tarns) with different catchment features, between 2010 and 2013. Resulting data set is statistically analyzed to discriminate between the natural or anthropic origin of the elements. Analyses indicate that in all cases, the main source of most major and trace elements is geological weathering, being thus individual bedrock composition the main driver of differences between lakes. Several anthropogenic sources of airborne Cu, Sc, Co, and Cr must be also considered. The shallowness of the lake is also a factor that may influence element cycling and concentration levels in its water mass. Concentrations of anthropogenic elements were low, comparable to those reported in other glacial lakes, way below the WHO, US EPA, EC, and Spanish legal limits for drinking water quality, indicating the absence of serious pollution. Toxic heavy metals Cd, Pb, Hg, and Zn were not detected in any of the tarns.

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Acknowledgements

This study was partially funded by the Departamento de Ciencia, Tecnología y Universidad of the Gobierno de Aragón through a GATHERS (E52 research group) found and PhD scholarships to Z. S. and T. A. The authors wish to thank all the people and organizations that have contributed to this study, especially during the field work campaigns and sample analyses, including Laboratorio de Calidad de Aguas y Medio Ambiente de la EINA (University of Zaragoza), Zaragoza Club Odisea (ZCO), Grupo Especial de Actividades Subacuáticas de la Guardia Civil (GEAS), Unidad Militar de Emergencias (UME), Aramón-Panticosa, Ayuntamiento de Panticosa, and Estación invernal de Astún.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Group of Applied Thermodynamics and Surfaces (GATHERS), Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, c/ Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain

    Zoe Santolaria, Tomás Arruebo, Alfonso Pardo, Carlos Rodríguez-Casals, Francisco Javier Lanaja & José Santiago Urieta

  2. Laboratory of Water Quality and of the Environment, College of Higher Engineering and Architecture, University of Zaragoza, c/ María de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain

    Zoe Santolaria & Francisco Javier Lanaja

  3. Boreas Foundation, c/ Maria Lostal 11, 2°A, 50008, Zaragoza, Spain

    Zoe Santolaria, Tomás Arruebo, Alfonso Pardo, Carlos Rodríguez-Casals, José María Matesanz, Francisco Javier Lanaja & José Santiago Urieta

  4. Department of Geography and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of Zaragoza, c/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain

    Tomás Arruebo

  5. Department of Didactic of Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Education, University of Zaragoza, c/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain

    Carlos Rodríguez-Casals

  6. Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology of the Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza, c/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain

    José María Matesanz

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  1. Zoe Santolaria
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  2. Tomás Arruebo
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Correspondence to Zoe Santolaria.

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Santolaria, Z., Arruebo, T., Pardo, A. et al. Natural and anthropic effects on hydrochemistry and major and trace elements in the water mass of a Spanish Pyrenean glacial lake set. Environ Monit Assess 189, 324 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6023-2

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