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Temporal genetic dynamics of reintroduced and translocated populations of the endangered golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia)

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Abstract

Reintroductions—captive-born animals introduced into the species’ original distribution area—and translocations—free-living animals transferred to another location within the historical distribution area—are important conservation strategies for endangered species. Genetic analyses of 239 individuals from unmanaged, translocated and reintroduced populations of Leontopithecus rosalia were performed using 14 microsatellites. These samples were collected during two periods: (a) 1996–1997 (historic), when individuals were translocated and reintroduced into forest fragments in the lowland Atlantic Forest, and (b) 2007–09 (recent). We hypothesized that effective population size and genetic diversity would increase over time and that these management strategies would affect the resulting population genetic structure. We found trends indicating that the effective population size at the translocation site increased while that at the reintroduction sites diminished over time. The inbreeding coefficient of the translocated population diminished over time (from 0.38 to 0.03) and was much lower than that of the native (0.29) and reintroduced (0.13) recent populations. We observed a greater genetic admixture among the reintroduced sites on the historic sampling, as well as a strong genetic structure at the translocation site. In the recent sampling, the population structuring became more site-related suggesting low or inconsistent gene flow between sampling sites. This research highlights how conservation management decisions have an important influence on the genetic outcome of translocations and reintroductions. Future conservation planning should consider population genetic monitoring before and after management measures and maintain population connectivity thereafter to avoid the negative effects of a population size reduction.

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(Source: S.O.S. Mata Atlântica)

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful for support by the LTBF and by K. De Vleeschouwer and P. Galbusera of the Centre for Research and Conservation funded by the Flemish Government. CNPq supported PMG Jr (308385/2014-4), MCR (312045/2013-1) and CRRM (472647/2009-1); and FAPESP supports MCR (2013/50421-2). Scholarship received by AMM (CAPES), CSC (FAPESP 2014/01029-5) and MCMK (PNPD/CAPES). We thank M. King, a native English speaker, for proofreading the manuscript; A. Nicodemo for assistance in the laboratory; and AMLD, especially A. Martins and P. Procópio-de-Oliveira, for providing the field data and hair samples. University of Maryland Animal Care and Use Committee approved protocols for this research. The authors thank the three anonymous reviewers for suggestions and comments, which improved the manuscript.

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  1. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602, Brazil

    Andreia Magro Moraes, Carlos R. Ruiz-Miranda & Adriana D. Grativol

  2. Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil

    Milton Cezar Ribeiro & Carolina da S. Carvalho

  3. Save The Golden Lion Tamarin, Silver Spring, MD, USA

    James M. Dietz

  4. Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo (CEUNES), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), São Mateus, Espírito Santo, 29932-540, Brazil

    Maria Cecília M. Kierulff

  5. Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-617, Brazil

    Lucas A. Freitas

  6. Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil

    Pedro M. Galetti Jr

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  1. Andreia Magro Moraes
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Moraes, A.M., Ruiz-Miranda, C.R., Ribeiro, M.C. et al. Temporal genetic dynamics of reintroduced and translocated populations of the endangered golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia). Conserv Genet 18, 995–1009 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-017-0948-4

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