Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A comparative study on the reinforcement effect of polyethylene terephthalate composites by inclusion of two types of functionalized graphene

  • Original Contribution
  • Published:
Colloid and Polymer Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, graphene oxide (GO) and maleic anhydride–functionalized pristine graphene (MAGN) based on Diels-Alder reaction were synthesized in order to comparatively study the reinforcement effect on the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composites. PET nanocomposites with GO or MAGN were prepared by a melt-blending method with varying concentrations of nanofillers from 0.05 wt to 0.3 wt%. The structure, the thermal stability, and the mechanical and crystallization properties of the obtained PET composites were systematically investigated by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), tensile tests, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The results show that the thermal stability and the mechanical and crystallization properties of EPT are improved by GO and MAGN inclusion. When the filler loading was 0.1 wt%, the tensile strength of MAGN/PET and GO/PET was increased by 28.9 % and 11.8% compared with the pure PET, which indicates the MAGN shows a better reinforcement effect on PET nanocomposites. Moreover, the MAGN also acts as a more efficient nucleating agent for PET compared with GO exhibiting higher degrees of crystallinity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sahoo A, Gayathri HN, Sai TP, Upasani PS, Raje V, Berkmans J, Ghosh A (2020) Enhancement of thermal and mechanical properties of few layer boron nitride reinforced PET composite. Nanotechnology 31:315706

  2. Ma J, Yu L, Chen S, Chen W, Wang Y, Guang S, Zhang X, Lu W, Wang Y, Bao J (2019) Structure–property evolution of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers in industrialized process under complex coupling of stress and temperature field. Macromolecules 52:565–574

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Gorrasi G, Bugatti V, Milone C, Mastronardo E, Piperopoulos E, Iemmo L, Bartolomeo AD (2018) Effect of temperature and morphology on the electrical properties of PET/conductive nanofillers composites. Compos Part B Eng 135:149–154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Aoyama S, Ismail I, Yong TP, Macosko CW, Ougizawa T (2020) PET/Graphene compatibilization for different aspect ratio graphenes via trimellitic anhydride functionalization. ACS Omega 5:3228–3239

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Awad SA, Khalaf EM (2018) Improvement of the chemical, thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of polyethylene terephthalate–graphene particle composites. B Mater Sci 41:67–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Rodríguez-Uicab O, May-Pat A, Avilés F, Toro P, Yazdani-Pedram M (2013) Influence of processing method on the mechanical and electrical properties of MWCNT/PET composites. J Mater Sci 2:656372

  7. Behzadian R, Shahrajabian H (2019) Experimental study of the effect of nano-silica on the mechanical properties of concrete/pet composites. Ksce J Civ Eng 23:3660–3668

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Li Z, Liu Z, Sun HY, Gao C (2015) Superstructured assembly of nanocarbons: fullerenes, nanotubes, and graphene. Chem Rev 115:7046–7117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bandla S, Hanan JC (2012) Microstructure and elastic tensile behavior of polyethylene terephthalate-exfoliated graphene nanocomposites. J Mater Sci 47:876–882

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Yu W, Zhang X, Gao X, Liu H, Zhang X (2020) Fabrication of high-strength PET fibers modified with graphene oxide of varying lateral size. J Mater Sci 55:8940–8953

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Xing L, Yao W, Wang S, Zhang Y, Mao S, Wang G, Liu J, Huang L, Li H, Belfiore LA, Tang J (2018) Effects of modified graphene oxide on thermal and crystallization properties of PET. Polymers 10:613

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Fort EH, Donavan PM, Scott LT (2009) Diels-alder reactivity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bay regions: implications for metal-free growth of single-chirality carbon nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 131:16006–16007

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Cao RR, Wang YZ, Chen S, Han N, Liu H, Zhang X (2019) Multiresponsive shape-stabilized hexadecyl acrylate-grafted graphene as a phase change material with enhanced thermal and electrical conductivities. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 11:8982–8991

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Seo JM, Jeon IY, Baek JB (2013) Mechanochemically driven solid-state Diels-Alder reaction of graphite into graphene nanoplatelets. Chem Sci 4:4273–4277

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Sarkar S, Bekyarova E, Niyogi S, Haddon RC (2011) Diels-Alder chemistry of graphite and graphene: graphene as diene and dienophile. J Am Chem Soc 133:3324–3327

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Liu H, Hou L, Peng W, Zhang Q, Zhang X (2012) Fabrication and characterization of polyamide 6-functionalized graphene nano-composite fiber. J Mater Sci 47:8052–8060

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Wang Y, Zhang X, Liu H, Zhang X (2019) SMA-Assisted exfoliation of graphite by microfluidization for efficient and large-scale production of high-quality graphene. Nanomaterials 9:1653

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Wang T, Jing LC, Zhu QX, Anita SE, Tian Y, Zhao H, Yuan XT, Wen JG, Li LK, Geng HZ (2020) Fabrication of architectural structured polydopamine-functionalized reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposites as flexible transparent electrodes for oleds. Appl Surf Sci 500:143997

  19. Zabihi O, Ahmadi M, Abdollahi T, Nikafshar S, Naebe M (2017) Collision-induced activation: towards industrially scalable approach to graphite nanoplatelets functionalization for superior polymer nanocomposites. Sci Rep 7:3560–3572

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Wang YZ, Chen T, Gao XF, Liu HH, Zhang XX (2017) Liquid phase exfoliation of graphite into few-layer graphene by sonication and microfluidization. Mater Express 7:491–499

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Ozdemir E, Arenas DR, Kelly NL, Hann JV, Rijswijk BV, Degirmenci V, McNally T (2020) Ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer assisted dispersion of few-layer graphene nanoplatelets in poly (ethylene terephthalate) 205:122836

  22. Kim J, Oh J, Lee KY, Jung I, Park M (2017) Dispersion of graphene based nanocarbon fillers in polyamide 66 by dry processing and its effect on mechanical properties. Compos B Eng 114:445–456

  23. Thayumanavana N, Tambe P, Joshi G (2015) Effect of surfactant and sodium alginate modification of graphene on the mechanical and thermal properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposites. Cellul Chem Technol 49:69–80

    Google Scholar 

  24. Hou WJ, Tang BQ, Lu LL, Sun J, Wang JJ, Qin CX, Dai LX (2014) Preparation and physico-mechanical properties of amine-functionalized graphene/polyamide 6 nanocomposite fiber as a high performance material. RSC Adv 4:4848–4855

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Wang YZ, Gao XF, Liu HH, Zhang J, Zhang XX (2020) Green fabrication of functionalized graphene via one-step method and its reinforcement for polyamide 66 fibers. Mater Chem Phys 240:122288

  26. Stanciu MD, Draghicescu HT, Tamas F, Terciu OM (2020) Mechanical and rheological behaviour of composites reinforced with natural fibres. Polymers 12:1402

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Zhang J, Gao XF, Zhang XY, Liu HH, Zhang H, Zhang XX (2019) Polyamide 66 and amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube composites and their melt-spun fiber. J Mater Sci 54:11056–11068

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Filho FCG, Luz FS, Oliveira MS, Pereira AC, Costa UO, Monteiro SN (2020) Thermal behavior of graphene oxide-coated piassava fiber and their epoxy composites. J Mater Res Technol 9:5343–5351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Azman NFI, Zuhairi SA, Ratnam CT, Yaakob Y, Mama MS (2021) Incorporation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets on the morphology and properties of polyethylene terephthalate nanocomposites. J Nanomater 1:1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Materials Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou, 451191, China

    Yuzhou Wang, Zhanbo Wang, Jiahuan Zhu, Hongchuang Li, Zhichao Zhang & Xiang Yu

  2. Henan Key Laboratory of Electronic Ceramic Materials and Application; Henan Engineering Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, Zhengzhou, 451191, China

    Yuzhou Wang & Xiang Yu

Authors
  1. Yuzhou Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zhanbo Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jiahuan Zhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hongchuang Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zhichao Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Xiang Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Zhanbo Wang, Jiahuan Zhu, Hongchuang Li, and Zhichao Zhang. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Yuzhou Wang. The manuscript was revised by Xiang Yu.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yuzhou Wang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Zhu, J. et al. A comparative study on the reinforcement effect of polyethylene terephthalate composites by inclusion of two types of functionalized graphene. Colloid Polym Sci 299, 1853–1861 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-021-04909-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-021-04909-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation