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Plant economy of the first farmers of central Belgium (Linearbandkeramik, 5200–5000 b.c.)

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Abstract

Carbonized fruits and seeds from 17 Linearbandkeramik (LBK) sites in central Belgium are discussed. The number of cultivated plants is rather limited, and two cultivated cereals (maybe three with barley), two pulses and two oil plants have been identified. These results agree with those from other LBK sites. The uniformity of plant assemblages within the western LBK territory shows few variations at the regional and inter-regional levels. Gathering evidence seems to be more important west of central Belgium, but it has to be further investigated. Concerning cultivated plants, emmer is dominant west of the river Rhine whereas einkorn seems to have been preferred east of it. Naked barley could have been introduced to the western part of the LBK territory and indicates Mediterranean influence. Opium poppy seeds discovered in LBK sites confirm these influences, but poppy could have been cultivated for the first time by LBK people.

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Acknowledgments

I would like to thank all archaeologist colleagues who provided me the samples, mainly Dominique Bosquet and Claude Constantin, as well as the Direction de l’Archéologie of Wallonia region. I am grateful to Corrie Bakels for the comments on this paper. I would also like to thank Christoph Herbig and Ursula Maier for the sharing of unpublished data from Sachsen. A part of this study was financed by the ANR (Agence nationale de la recherche, Convention ANR-09-CEP-004-01/OBRESOC) for the research program OBRESOC—A retrospective observatory of an archaeological society: the trajectory of the LBK Neolithic.

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  1. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, UMR 7209 du CNRS, Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: sociétés, pratiques et environnements, Case postale 56, 55 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France

    Aurélie Salavert

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Communicated by C.C. Bakels.

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Salavert, A. Plant economy of the first farmers of central Belgium (Linearbandkeramik, 5200–5000 b.c.). Veget Hist Archaeobot 20, 321–332 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-011-0297-z

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