Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Acid mine drainage remediation strategies: A review on migration and source controls

  • Published:
Minerals & Metallurgical Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Acid mine drainage (AMD) derives from the oxidation of sulfide minerals, primarily pyrite (FeS2), and is the most severe environmental issue facing the minerals industry. The most common short-term approach to AMD treatment is migration control, such as acid neutralization and metal/metalloid and sulfate removal, through the addition of alkaline materials, including lime (Ca (OH)2), limestone (Ca CO3), gangue minerals and industrial wastes. This requires the continuous input of materials and may result in the production of a vast amount of secondary sludge requiring further treatment and disposal. Addition of chemicals is usually more important in metal/metalloid removal than in sulfate removal unless the sulfate is present in very high concentrations. A more promising long-term strategy for AMD prevention is source control through the complete removal of pyritic minerals and encapsulation of potential risk minerals by coating with impermeable surface layers. This is regarded as the most cost-effective approach, although the mechanisms underpinning this and the implementation procedures are yet to be fully elucidated. It is likely that long- and short-term practices can be combined to optimize the remediation of contaminated mining sites. Some factors such as differing geological and mineralogical characteristics and transportation costs must also be considered for the successful implementation of AMD prevention and remediation strategies. This review also considers some implications for AMD remediation, but the promising bioremediation of AMD is not discussed as it has been extensively reviewed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmaruzzaman, M., 2011, “Industrial wastes as low-cost potential adsorbents for the treatment of wastewater laden with heavy metals,” Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., Vol. 166, pp. 36–59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2011.04.005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akcil, A., and Koldas, S., 2006, “Acid Mine Drainage (AMD): causes, treatment and case studies,” J. Clean. Prod., Vol. 14, pp. 1139–1145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anawar, H.M., 2015, “Sustainable rehabilitation of mining waste and acid mine drainage using geochemistry, mine type, mineralogy, texture, ore extraction and climate knowledge,” J. Environ. Manage. Vol. 158, pp. 111–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benatti, C.T., Tavares, C.R.G., and Lenzi, E., 2009, “Sulfate removal from waste chemicals by precipitation,” J. Environ. Manage., Vol. 90, pp. 504–511.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blowes, D.W., Ptacek, C.J., Jambor, J.L., and Weisener, C.G., 2003, “The geochemistry of acid mine drainage,” Turekian, H.D.H.K., ed., Treatise on Geochemistry, Pergamon, Oxford, pp. 149–204.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bowden, L.I., Johnson, K.L., Jarvis, A.P., Robinson, H., Ghazireh, N., and Younger, P.L., 2006, “The use of basic oxygen steel furnace slag (BOS) as a high surface area media for the removal of iron from circumneutral mine waters,” Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD), St. Louis, MO, pp. 25–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowell, R., 2004, “A review of sulfate removal options for mine waters,” Proceedings of Mine Water, pp. 75–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buzzi, D.C., Viegas, L.S., Rodrigues, M.A.S., Bernardes, A.M., and Tenório, J.A.S., 2013, “Water recovery from acid mine drainage by electrodialysis,” Miner. Eng., Vol. 40, pp. 82–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carranza, F., Romero, R., Mazuelos, A., and Iglesias, N., 2016, “Recovery of Zn from acid mine water and electric arc furnace dust in an integrated process,” J. Environ. Manage., Vol. 165, pp. 175–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castillo, J., Gomez-Arias, A., Posthumus, J., and Welman-Purchase, M., 2015, “Geochemical Study of the Interaction of Acid and Alkaline Mine Drainage with BaCO3,” 10th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage & IMWA Annual Conference.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, T., Yan, B., Lei, C., and Xiao, X., 2014, “Pollution control and metal resource recovery for acid mine drainage,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 147–148, pp. 112–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cornell, R., Giovanoli, R., and Schindler, P., 1987, “Effect of silicate species on the transformation of ferrihydrite into goethite and hematite in alkaline media,” Clays Clay Miner., Vol. 35, pp. 21–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cravotta III, C.A., and Trahan, M.K., 1999, “Limestone drains to increase pH and remove dissolved metals from acidic mine drainage,” Appl. Geochem., Vol. 14, pp. 581–606.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diao, Z., Shi, T., Wang, S., Huang, X., Zhang, T., Tang, Y., Zhang, X., and Qiu, R., 2013, “Silane-based coatings on the pyrite for remediation of acid mine drainage,” Water Res., Vol. 47, pp. 4391–4402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DiLoreto, Z.A., Weber, P.A., and Weisener, C.G., 2016, “Solid phase characterization and metal deportment in a mussel shell bioreactor for the treatment of AMD, Stockton Coal Mine, New Zealand,” Appl. Geochem., Vol. 67, pp. 133–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doye, I., and Duchesne, J., 2003, “Neutralisation of acid mine drainage with alkaline industrial residues: laboratory investigation using batch-leaching tests,” Appl. Geochem., Vol. 18, pp. 1197–1213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, D., Bouchard, C., and Lantagne, G., 2000, “Removal of iron and manganese from groundwater by oxidation and microfiltration,” Desalination, Vol. 130, pp. 255–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, 2015, “AMDTreat.”

    Google Scholar 

  • Evangelou, V.P., 2001, “Pyrite microencapsulation technologies: Principles and potential field application,” Ecol. Eng., Vol. 17, pp. 165–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evangelou, V.P., and Zhang, Y.L., 1995, “A review: Pyrite oxidation mechanisms and acid mine drainage prevention,” Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 25, pp. 141–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Falayi, T., and Ntuli, F., 2014, “Removal of heavy metals and neutralisation of acid mine drainage with un-activated attapulgite,” J. Ind. Eng. Chem., Vol. 20, pp. 1285–1292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fan, R., Short, M.D., Zeng, S.-J., Qian, G., Li, J., Schumann, R.C., Kawashima, N., Roger St, C.S., and Gerson, A.R., 2017, “The formation of silicate-stabilized passivating layers on pyrite for reduced acid rock drainage,” Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 51, p. 11317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallinger, R., and Fleury, A.-M., 2006, “Linking the world to eliminate acid rock drainage,” International Network for Acid Prevention, 7ICARD, USA, pp. 623–629.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gazea, B., Adam, K., and Kontopoulos, A., 1996, “A review of passive systems for the treatment of acid mine drainage,” Miner. Eng., Vol. 9, pp. 23–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geldenhuys, A.J., Maree, J.P., and de Beer, M.P.H., 2003, “An integrated limestone/ lime process for partial sulphate remmoval,” J. S. Afr. Min. Metall., Vol. 103, pp. 345–354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Genç-Fuhrman, H., Mikkelsen, P.S., and Ledin, A., 2007, “Simultaneous removal of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn from stormwater: Experimental comparison of 11 different sorbents,” Water Res., Vol. 41, pp. 591–602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glombitza, F., 2001, “Treatment of acid lignite mine flooding water by means of microbial sulfate reduction,” Waste Manage., Vol. 21, pp. 197–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goetz, E.R., and Riefler, R.G., 2014, “Performance of steel slag leach beds in acid mine drainage treatment,” Chem. Eng. J., Vol. 240, pp. 579–588.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gomo, M., and Vermeulen, D., 2014, “Hydrogeochemical characteristics of a flooded underground coal mine groundwater system,” J. Afr. Earth Sci., Vol. 92, pp. 68–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, C.K., and Mukherjee, T.K., 1990, Hydrometallurgy in Extraction Processes, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gusek, J., and Plocus, V., 2015, “Case Study: 19 Years of Acid Rock Drainage Mitigation after a Bactericide Application,” 10th ICARD IMWA 2015, Santiago, Chile, pp. 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammarstrom, J.M., Sibrell, P.L., and Belkin, H.E., 2003, “Characterization of limestone reacted with acid-mine drainage in a pulsed limestone bed treatment system at the Friendship Hill National Historical Site, Pennsylvania, USA,” Appl. Geochem., Vol. 18, pp. 1705–1721.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanahan, C., McConchie, D., Pohl, J., Creelman, R., Clark, M., and Stocksiek, C., 2004, “Chemistry of seawater neutralization of bauxite refinery residues (red mud),” Environ. Eng. Sci., Vol. 21, pp. 125–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hardy, L., and Morton, P., 2015, “Acid Rock Drainage (ARD) Inhibition by Sulfite Used as Part of the Inco Process for Cyanide Removal,” 10th International Coference on Acid Rock Drainage & IMWA Annual Conference.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harries, J., 1997, “Acid Mine Drainage in Australia: Its Extent and Potential Future Liability,” Supervising Scientist Canberra, Canberra: Office of the supervising Scientist, Australia Government.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatar, H., Rahim, S.A., Razi, W.M., and Sahrani, F.K., 2013, “Heavy metals content in acid mine drainage at abandoned and active mining area,” AIP Conf. Proc., pp. 641–646.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hengen, T.J., Squillace, M.K., O’Sullivan, A.D., and Stone, J.J., 2014, “Life cycle assessment analysis of active and passive acid mine drainage treatment technologies,” Resour. Conserv. Recy., Vol. 86, pp. 160–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heviánková, S., Bestová, I., and Kyncl, M., 2014, “The application of wood ash as a reagent in acid mine drainage treatment,” Miner. Eng., Vol. 56, pp. 109–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huijgen, W.J.J., and Comans, R.N.J., 2005, “Mineral CO2 sequestration by steel slag carbonation,” Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 39, pp. 9676–9682.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huminicki, D.M., and Rimstidt, J.D., 2009, “Iron oxyhydroxide coating of pyrite for acid mine drainage control,” Appl. Geochem., Vol. 24, pp. 1626–1634.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • International Network for Acid Prevention (INAP), 2003, “Treatment of sulphate in mine effluents.”

    Google Scholar 

  • International Network for Acid Prevention (INAP), 2009, “Global acid rock drainage guide (GARD Guide).”

    Google Scholar 

  • Jambor, J., Dutrizac, J., Groat, L., and Raudsepp, M., 2002, “Static tests of neutralization potentials of silicate and aluminosilicate minerals,” Environ. Geol. Vol. 43, pp. 1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, D.B., and Hallberg, K.B., 2005, “Acid mine drainage remediation options: a review,” Sci. Total Environ., Vol. 338, pp. 3–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kargbo, D.M., Atallah, G., and Chatterjee, S., 2004, “Inhibition of pyrite oxidation by a phospholipid in the presence of silicate,” Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 38, pp. 3432–3441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kargbo, D.M., and Chatterjee, S., 2005, “Stability of silicate coatings on pyrite surfaces in a low pH environment,” J. Environ. Eng., Vol. 131, pp. 1340–1349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kassahun, A., Jenk, U., and Paul, M., 2015, “Investigation of microbial in-situ remediation of uranium mine site pollutants in the flooded mine Königstein,” 10th International Coference on Acid Rock Drainage & IMWA Annual Conference.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirchner, T., and Mattson, B., 2015, “Scaling Geochemical Loads in Mine Drainage Chemistry Modeling: An Empirical Derivation of Bulk Scaling Factors, Acid Rock Drainage (ARD) Inhibition by Sulfite Used as Part of the Inco Process for Cyanide Removal.”

    Google Scholar 

  • Klauber, C., Gräfe, M., and Power, G., 2011, “Bauxite residue issues: II. options for residue utilization,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 108, pp. 11–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kruse, N., Mackey, A., Bowman, J., Brewster, K., and Riefler, R.G., 2012, “Alkalinity production as an indicator of failure in steel slag leach beds treating acid mine drainage,” Environ. Earth Sci., Vol. 67, pp. 1389–1395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lakovleva, E., Mäkilä, E., Salonen, J., Sitarz, M., Wang, S., and Sillanpää, M., 2015, “Acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment: Neutralization and toxic elements removal with unmodified and modified limestone,” Ecol. Eng., Vol. 81, No. 30–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, J., Grerson, A., Kawashima, N., Fan, R., Smart, R., and Schumann, R., 2015, “Estimation of Immediate Acid and Neutralization Rates within ARD Waste Rock Storage Facilities,” 10th ICARD & IMWA Annual Conference, Santiagom Chile, pp. 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, M.G., Aubé, B., and St-Arnaud, L., 1997, “Considerations in the use of shallow water covers for decommissioning reactive tailings,” Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, Vancouver, pp. 115–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Y., Naidu, R., and Ming, H., 2011, “Red mud as an amendment for pollutants in solid and liquid phases,” Geoderma, Vol. 163, pp. 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • López, E., Soto, B., Arias, M., Núñez, A., Rubinos, D., and Barral, M.T., 1998, “Adsorbent properties of red mud and its use for wastewater treatment,” Water Res., Vol. 32, pp. 1314–1322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lusilao-Makiese, J., Cukrowska, E., Tutu, H., Chimuka, L., and Weiersbye, I., 2015, “Prediction of Acid Neutralizing Potential of Wetlands Affected By Gold Mining in a Semi-Arid Area,” 10th ICARD IMWA 2015, Santiago, Chile.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madzivire, G., Gitari, W.M., Vadapalli, V.R.K., Ojumu, T.V., and Petrik, L.F., 2011, “Fate of sulphate removed during the treatment of circumneutral mine water and acid mine drainage with coal fly ash: Modelling and experimental approach,” Miner. Eng., Vol. 24, pp. 1467–1477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madzivire, G., Maleka, P.P., Vadapalli, V.R.K., Gitari, W.M., Lindsay, R., and Petrik, L.F., 2014, “Fate of the naturally occurring radioactive materials during treatment of acid mine drainage with coal fly ash and aluminium hydroxide,” J. Environ. Manage., Vol. 133, pp. 12–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madzivire, G., Petrik, L.F., Gitari, W.M., Ojumu, T.V., and Balfour, G., 2010, “Application of coal fly ash to circumneutral mine waters for the removal of sulphates as gypsum and ettringite,” Miner. Eng., Vol. 23, pp. 252–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martins, M., Santos, E.S., Faleiro, M.L., Chaves, S., Tenreiro, R., Barros, R.J., Barreiros, A., and Costa, M.C., 2011, “Performance and bacterial community shifts during bioremediation of acid mine drainage from two Portuguese mines,” Int. Biodeterior. Biodegradation, Vol. 65, pp. 972–981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martins, M., Santos, E.S., Pires, C., Barros, R.J., and Costa, M.C., 2010, “Production of irrigation water from bioremediation of acid mine drainage: comparing the performance of two representative systems,” J. Clean. Prod., Vol. 18, pp. 248–253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCullough, C.D., and Lund, M.A., 2011, “Bioremediation of acidic and metalliferous drainage (AMD) through organic carbon amendment by municipal sewage and green waste,” J. Environ. Manage., Vol. 92, pp. 2419–2426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDonald, D.M., Webb, J.A., and Taylor, J., 2006, “Chemical stability of acid rock drainage treatment sludge and implications for sludge management,” Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 40, pp. 1984–1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, S., Rusdinar, Y., Smart, R., Andrina, J., and Richards, D., 2006, “Design and construction of limestone blended waste rock dumps: lessons learned from a 10 year study at Grasberg,” R. Barnhisel, ed., Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, ASMR, United States, pp. 1287–1301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, S.D., Schumann, R., Smart, R., and Rusdinar, Y., 2009, “ARD control by limestone induced armouring and passivation of pyrite minerals surfaces,” ICARD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, S.D., Stewart, W.S., Rusdinar, Y., Schumann, R.E., Ciccarelli, J.M., Li, J., and Smart, R.S.C., 2010, “Methods for estimation of long-term non-carbonate neutralisation of acid rock drainage,” Sci. Total Environ., Vol. 408, pp. 2129–2135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohan, D., and Chander, S., 2006, “Removal and recovery of metal ions from acid mine drainage using lignite—A low cost sorbent,” J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 137, pp. 1545–1553.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Munn, D.A., 2005, “Steel industry slags compared with calcium carbonate in neutralizing acid mine soil,” Ohio J. Sci., Vol. 105, pp. 79–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Name, T., and Sheridan, C., 2014, “Remediation of acid mine drainage using metallurgical slags,” Miner. Eng., Vol. 64, pp. 15–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nancucheo, I., and Barrie Johnson, D., 2014, “Removal of sulfate from extremely acidic mine waters using low pH sulfidogenic bioreactors,” Hydrometallurgy, Vol. 150, pp. 222–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neculita, C.-M., Zagury, G.J., and Bussière, B., 2008, “Effectiveness of sulfatereducing passive bioreactors for treating highly contaminated acid mine drainage: I. Effect of hydraulic retention time,” Appl. Geochem., Vol. 23, pp. 3442–3451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ouyang, Y., Liu, Y., Zhu, R., Ge, F., Xu, T., Luo, Z., and Liang, L., 2015, “Pyrite oxidation inhibition by organosilane coatings for acid mine drainage control,” Miner. Eng., Vol. 72, pp. 57–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez-López, R., Castillo, J., Quispe, D., and Nieto, J.M., 2010, “Neutralization of acid mine drainage using the final product from CO2 emissions capture with alkaline paper mill waste,” J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 177, pp. 762–772.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paradis, M., Duchesne, J., Lamontagne, A., and Isabel, D., 2007, “Long-term neutralisation potential of red mud bauxite with brine amendment for the neutralisation of acidic mine tailings,” Appl. Geochem., Vol. 22, pp. 2326–2333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parbhakar-Fox, A., and Lottermoser, B.G., 2015, “A critical review of acid rock drainage prediction methods and practices,” Miner. Eng., Vol. 82, pp. 107–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pascual, D., and McPhee, M., 2015, “Fulfilment of EPA discharge requirements for ARD using co-precipitation iron process at neutral pH, 10th International Coference on Acid Rock Drainage & IMWA Annual Conference,” pp. 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pozo-Antonio, S., Puente-Luna, I., Lagüela-López, S., and Veiga-Ríos, M., 2014, “Techniques to correct and prevent acid mine drainage: A review,” DAYA, Vol. 81, pp. 73–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qian, G., Schumann, R., Li, J., Short, M., Fan, R., Li, Y., Kawashima, N., Zhou, Y., Smart, R., and Gerson, A., 2017, “Strategies for reduced acid and metalliferous drainage by pyrite surface passivation,” Minerals, Vol. 7, p. 42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ríos, C.A., Williams, C.D., and Roberts, C.L., 2008, “Removal of heavy metals from acid mine drainage (AMD) using coal fly ash, natural clinker and synthetic zeolites,” J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 156, pp. 23–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, A., Everett, D., and Du Plessis, N., 1994, “Sulfates removal by the GYP-CIX process following lime treatment,” Proceedings of the Superfund XIV Conference and Exhibition, Vol. 2.

  • Sahoo, P.K., Tripathy, S., Panigrahi, M.K., and Equeenuddin, S.M., 2013, “Inhibition of acid mine drainage from a pyrite-rich mining waste using industrial byproducts: role of neo-formed phases,” Water, Air, Soil Pollut., Vol. 224, pp. 1–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sand, W., Jozsa, P.-G., Kovacs, Z.-M., Sasaran, N., and Schippers, A., 2007, “Long-term evaluation of acid rock drainage mitigation measures in large lysimeters,” J. Geochem. Explor., Vol. 92, pp. 205–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santos, J., Castro, A., Cervantes, A., Neri, Á., Goslinga, J., and Isidro, G., 2015, “Acid Drainage Treatment Using Phyllite Rock in an Underground Mine.”

    Google Scholar 

  • Satur, J., Hiroyoshi, N., Tsunekawa, M., Ito, M., and Okamoto, H., 2007, “Carriermicroencapsulation for preventing pyrite oxidation,” Int. J. Miner. Process., Vol. 83, pp. 116–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheoran, A.S., and Sheoran, V., 2006, “Heavy metal removal mechanism of acid mine drainage in wetlands: A critical review,” Miner. Eng., Vol. 19, pp. 105–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheoran, A.S., Sheoran, V., and Choudhary, R.P., 2010, “Bioremediation of acidrock drainage by sulphate-reducing prokaryotes: A review,” Miner. Eng., Vol. 23, pp. 1073–1100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sibrell, P.L., Watten, B.J., Friedrich, A.E., and Vinci, B.J., 2000, “ARD remediation with limestone in a CO2 pressurized reactor,” Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, pp. 1017–1026.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva, A.M., Cunha, E.C., Silva, F.D.R., and Leão, V.A., 2012, “Treatment of highmanganese mine water with limestone and sodium carbonate,” J. Clean. Prod., Vol. 29–30, pp. 11–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silva, A.M., Lima, R.M.F., and Leão, V.A., 2012, “Mine water treatment with limestone for sulfate removal,” J. Hazard. Mater., Vol. 221–222, pp. 45–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simate, G.S., and Ndlovu, S., 2014, “Acid mine drainage: Challenges and opportunities,” J. Environ. Chem., Vol. Eng. 2, pp. 1785–1803.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, P.C., and Stumm, W., 1970, “Acidic mine drainage: The rate-determining step,” Science, Vol. 167, pp. 1121–1123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skousen, J., Politan, K., Hilton, T., and Meek, A., 1990, “Acid mine drainage treatment systems: chemicals and costs,” Green Lands, Vol. 20, pp. 31–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smart, R., Skinner, B., Levay, G., Gerson, A., Thomas, J., Sobieraj, H., Schumann, R., Weisener, C., Weber, P., and Miller, S., 2002, “ARD Test Handbook,” AMIRA International, Melbourne, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smart, R.S.C., Ciccarelli, J.M., Zeng, S., Fan, R., Li, J., Kawashima, N., and Gerson, A.R., 2015, “Assessment of acid neutralisation rates from site rock for AMD control,” 10th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage ( ICARD), Santiago, Chile.

    Google Scholar 

  • Song, H., Yim, G.-J., Ji, S.-W., Neculita, C.M., and Hwang, T., 2012, “Pilot-scale passive bioreactors for the treatment of acid mine drainage: Efficiency of mushroom compost vs. mixed substrates for metal removal,” J. Environ. Manage., Vol. 111, pp. 150–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sud, D., Mahajan, G., and Kaur, M.P., 2008, “Agricultural waste material as potential adsorbent for sequestering heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions — A review,” Bioresour. Technol., Vol. 99, pp. 6017–6027.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tait, S., Clarke, W.P., Keller, J., and Batstone, D.J., 2009, “Removal of sulfate from high-strength wastewater by crystallisation,” Water Res., Vol. 43, pp. 762–772.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tolonen, E.-T., Sarpola, A., Hu, T., Rämö, J., and Lassi, U., 2014, “Acid mine drainage treatment using by-products from quicklime manufacturing as neutralization chemicals,” Chemosphere, Vol. 117, pp. 419–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tuazon, D., and Corder, G.D., 2008, “Life cycle assessment of seawater neutralised red mud for treatment of acid mine drainage,” Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 52, pp. 1307–1314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vandiviere, M.M., and Evangelou, V.P., 1998, “Comparative testing between conventional and microencapsulation approaches in controlling pyrite oxidation,” J. Geochem. Explor., Vol. 64, pp. 161–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wingenfelder, U., Hansen, C., Furrer, G., and Schulin, R., 2005, “Removal of heavy metals from mine waters by natural zeolites,” Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 39, pp. 4606–4613.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng, S., Li, J., Schumann, R., and Smart, R., 2013, “Effect of pH and dissolved silicate on the formation of surface passivation layers for reducing pyrite oxidation,” Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan, Hubei, China, pp. 50–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, Y., Short, M.D., Li, J., Schumann, R.C., Smart, R.S.C., Gerson, A.R., and Qian, G., 2017, “Control of acid generation from pyrite oxidation in a highly reactive natural waste: A laboratory case study,” Minerals, Vol. 7, p. 89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ziemkiewicz, P., 1998, “Steel slag: applications for AMD control,” Proceedings of the 1998 Conference on Hazardous Waste Research, pp. 44–59.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China

    Y. Li (Associate professor and adjunct research fellow), W. Li (Master’s student) & S. Song (Professor)

  2. University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia

    Y. Li (Associate professor and adjunct research fellow) & Q. Xiao (Master’s student)

  3. Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia

    Y. Liu (Research fellow) & R. Naidu (professor)

Authors
  1. Y. Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. W. Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Q. Xiao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. S. Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Y. Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. R. Naidu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Y. Li.

Additional information

Paper number MMP-17-045.

Discussion of this peer-reviewed and approved paper is invited and must be submitted to SME Publications Dept. prior to Feb. 28, 2019.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, Y., Li, W., Xiao, Q. et al. Acid mine drainage remediation strategies: A review on migration and source controls. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 35, 148–158 (2018). https://doi.org/10.19150/mmp.8464

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.19150/mmp.8464

Keywords

Search

Navigation