Abstract
To explore the volatile profiles and the contents of ten bioactive components (polyphenols and caffeine) of sun-dried Pu-erh tea leaves from ancient tea plants on Bulang Mountain, 17 samples of three tea varieties were analyzed by headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A total of 75 volatile components were tentatively identified. Laomaner (LME), Laobanzhang (LBZ), and other teas on Bulang Mountain (BL) contained 70, 53, and 71 volatile compounds, respectively. Among the volatile compounds, alcohols (30.2%–45.8%), hydrocarbons (13.7%–17.5%), and ketones (12.4%–23.4%) were qualitatively the most dominant volatile compounds in the different tea varieties. The average content of polyphenol was highest in LME (102.1 mg/g), followed by BL (98.7 mg/g) and LBZ (88.0 mg/g), while caffeine showed the opposite trend, 27.3 mg/g in LME, 33.5 mg/g in BL, and 38.1 mg/g in LBZ. Principal component analysis applied to both the volatile compounds and ten bioactive components showed a poor separation of samples according to varieties, while partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed satisfactory discrimination. Thirty-four volatile components and five bioactive compounds were selected as major discriminators (variable importance in projection (VIP) >1) among the tea varieties. These results suggest that chromatographic data combined with multivariate analysis could provide a useful technique to characterize and distinguish the sun-dried Pu-erh tea leaves from ancient tea varieties on Bulang Mountain.
中文概要
目的: 为布朗山不同品种古树普洱晒青茶香气物质和活性成分(多酚类和咖啡碱)深入研究提供理论依据。
创新点: 首次采用气质联用技术(GC-MS)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)结合化学计量学对布朗山不同品种的古树普洱晒青茶进行研究,探究不同品种古树晒青茶成分之间的差异性。
方法: 采用顶空固相微萃取法(HS-SPME)结合GC-MS对香气成分进行鉴定;采用70%甲醇溶液对活性成分进行富集,使用HPLC 进行分析;结合主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)对不同品种的古树普洱晒青茶进行区分并对区分起主要作用的物质进行筛选。
结论: 三个品种的古树普洱晒青茶(老曼峨、老班章和布朗)香气成分组成及含量差异较大,但主要成分均为醇类、碳氢类和酮类化合物。老曼峨中多酚类化合物含量较高,其次为布朗和老班章,相比于多酚类,咖啡碱含量表现出了相反的趋势。相比于PCA 分析,PLS-DA 分析对三个品种的古树普洱晒青茶均显示出了较好的区分效果。变量投影重要性准则(VIP)分析结果显示34 种香气和5 种生物活性成分对不同品种的古树普洱晒青茶区分贡献较大。
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Comparison of volatile profiles and bioactive components of sun-dried Pu-erh tea leaves from ancient tea plants on Bulang Mountain measured by GC-MS and HPLC
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Zhang, Wj., Liu, C., Yang, Rj. et al. Comparison of volatile profiles and bioactive components of sun-dried Pu-erh tea leaves from ancient tea plants on Bulang Mountain measured by GC-MS and HPLC. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B 20, 563–575 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1800183
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1800183