Abstract
Cavitation has a significant influence on the accurate control of the liquid filling rate and braking performance of a hydraulic retarder; however, previous studies of the flow field in hydraulic retarders have provided insufficient information in terms of considering cavitation. Here, the volume of fluid (VOF) method and a scale-resolving simulation (SRS) were employed to numerically and more comprehensively calculate and analyze the flow field in a retarder considering the cavitation phenomenon. The numerical models included the improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) model, stress-blended eddy simulation (SBES) model, dynamic large eddy simulation (DLES) model, and shear stress transport (SST) model in the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model. All the calculations were typically validated by the brake torque in the impeller rather than the internal flow. The unsteady flow field indicated that the SBES and DLES models could better capture unsteady flow phenomena, such as the chord vortex. The SBES and DLES models could also better capture bubbles than the SST and IDDES models. Since the braking torque error of the SBES model was the smallest, the transient variation of the bubble volume fraction over time on a typical flow surface was analyzed in detail with the SBES model. It was found that bubbles mainly appeared in the center area of the blade suction surface, which coincided with the experiments. The accumulation of bubbles resulted in a larger bubble volume fraction in the center of the blade over time. In addition, the temperature variations of the pressure blade caused by heat transfer were further analyzed. More bubbles precipitated in the center of the blade, leading to a lower temperature in this area.
目的
液力缓速器高速运行时会产生气蚀侵蚀现象, 进 而对缓速器的缓速制动及平稳运行产生不利影 响。本文旨在对液力缓速器的气蚀湍流场进行分 析,探究气蚀侵蚀发生的原因, 为进一步探究减 轻气蚀侵蚀的措施提供理论基础。
创新点
1. 引入目前先进的尺度解析模拟方法来模拟湍流 场, 使湍流场数值计算结果更加真实; 2. 采用气 液两相流模型和气蚀模型相结合的方法模拟气 蚀现象, 并通过流场中的气泡体积来衡量气蚀侵 蚀程度。
方法
1. 采用不同的湍流模型解析液力缓速器四种转速 下的湍流场, 并通过比较流场结果得出不同湍流 模型模拟流场的区别(图3–5 和7); 2. 采用应力 混合涡(SBES)模型模拟高转速下的气蚀流场, 并提取流场处理结果来分析缓速器内部气泡体 积的瞬态演变规律(图8 和9); 3. 提取不同时刻 的叶片温度来分析气蚀引起的能量变化(图12 和13)。
结论
1. 在四大湍流模型中, SBES 模型模拟湍流场涡 旋的能力最强且提取出的制动转矩结果与实验 值最接近; 2. 高转速下的气蚀侵蚀情况严重,流 场中出现的气泡体积较大, 并且, 随着时间推移 气泡体积累积对缓速器运行将产生不利影响。 3. 气蚀流场中出现的气泡会影响缓速器湍流场 中的涡旋
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Xue-song LI designed the research. Qing-tao WU and Li-ying MIAO processed the corresponding data and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Chun-bao LIU and Yu-ying YAN helped to organize the manuscript. Qing-tao WU and Xue-song LI revised and edited the final version.
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Xue-song LI, Qing-tao WU, Li-ying MIAO, Yu-ying YAN, and Chun-bao LIU declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Project supported by the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Jilin Province (No. 20170204066GX), the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province (No. 20200201222JC), the Science and Technology Project of Jilin Provincial Education Department (No. JJKH20170785KJ), the Project of Jilin Provincial Science & Technology Department (No. 20200301011RQ), and the Advanced Manufacturing Projects of Government and University Co-construction Program funded by Jilin Province (No. SXGJSF2017-2), China
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Li, Xs., Wu, Qt., Miao, Ly. et al. Scale-resolving simulations and investigations of the flow in a hydraulic retarder considering cavitation. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A 21, 817–833 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A1900466
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A1900466