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Cryogenic in-situ clamped beam testing of Sn96

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Abstract

The deformation behavior of materials that exhibit a ductile-to-brittle transition have traditionally been characterized ex-situ and limited to bulk samples. Here, we use a unique experimental setup to perform in-situ cryogenic mechanical testing of Sn 96 solder alloy in a clamped beam configuration at − 142 °C, well below the alloy’s DBTT. Electron backscattered diffraction analysis before and after the in-situ experiments showed how deformation ahead of the crack tip is accommodated by the Sn matrix or intermetallic phase particles. Similar to behavior observed in pure Sn, within the Sn matrix of the Sn 96 alloy deformation twinning is the primary deformation mechanism below the DBTT. Similar to the twins previously observed in pure Sn, twinning behavior in the Sn matrix is consistent with the formation of the {301} and {101} twins in Sn. Within the intermetallic phase in Sn96, slip steps were observed that were not observed prior to bending.

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The datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are included within the article and available upon request from the authors.

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Acknowledgments

Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. AL was supported by a NASA GRP Fellowship and also by Boeing, Inc. We would like to thank both Hummingbird Scientific, Inc. and Hysitron, Inc. for help with the design and fabrication of the cryogenic testing apparatus. The authors acknowledge support from the Molecular Foundry at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05-CH11231.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA

    A. Lupinacci & A. M. Minor

  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA

    J. Kacher

  3. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA

    A. A. Shapiro

  4. Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA

    P. Hosemann

  5. National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA

    A. M. Minor

Authors
  1. A. Lupinacci
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  2. J. Kacher
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  3. A. A. Shapiro
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  4. P. Hosemann
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  5. A. M. Minor
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to P. Hosemann or A. M. Minor.

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Lupinacci, A., Kacher, J., Shapiro, A.A. et al. Cryogenic in-situ clamped beam testing of Sn96. Journal of Materials Research 36, 1751–1761 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-021-00157-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-021-00157-x

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