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Natural convection investigation under influence of internal bodies within a nanofluid-filled square cavity

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Abstract

The current article presents a numerical simulation of the nanofluid convection inside a square enclosure with two inner adiabatic circular bodies. Galerkin finite-element analysis was utilized to solve the governing equations under the assumptions of laminar, steady flow conditions considering a homogeneous single-phase approach. The parameters under investigation are Rayleigh number (Ra), solid volume fraction, the horizontal position of the two inner cylinders, and the inclination angle of the enclosure. The results indicate that increasing the Rayleigh number, and the solid volume fraction improves the heat transport rate. It is obtained that at low Ra, there is no significant impact on the enclosure angle, while as the Ra goes up, the heat transfer rate increases gradually. In addition, the best location of the internal bodies is in the middle of the cavity as it exhibits an increase in the flow velocity. To obtain the highest Nusselt number, it is recommended to use an inclination angle of 30 at any value of the Rayleigh number.

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Abbreviations

\(C_{p}\) :

Specific heat (KJ/kg K )

g :

Gravitational acceleration (m/s\(^{2})\)

Gr:

Grashof number

K :

Thermal conductivity (W/m K)

l :

The horizontal location of the cylinders inside the cavity

L :

Length of the wall

Nu:

Nusselt number

P :

Dimensionless pressure

P :

Pressure (Pa)

Pr:

Prandtl number

r :

The radius of the cylinder (m)

R :

Dimensionless radius of the cylinder

Ra:

Rayleigh number

T :

Temperature (K)

X, Y :

Dimensionless coordinates

U, V :

Dimensionless velocity component in x- and y-direction

\(\beta \) :

Volume coefficient

\(\theta \) :

Dimensionless temperature

\(\emptyset \) :

Solid volume fraction

\(\alpha \) :

Thermal diffusivity (m\(^{2}\)/s)

\(\gamma \) :

Inclination angle (counter-clockwise)

\(\mu \) :

Dynamic viscosity (kg s/m)

\(\rho \) :

Density (kg/m\(^{3})\)

\(\psi \) :

Dimensionless stream function

avg:

Average

c:

Cold

f:

Base Fluid

h:

Hot

L:

Local

nf:

nanofluid

np:

Solid particles

x :

Horizontal axis

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. M.O.E, General Company of Electricity Production AL-Furat Middle Region, East Diwanyah D.P.P, Al Diwaniyah, 58001, Iraq

    Ahmed Dhafer Abdulsahib

  2. Water Resources Engineering College, Al-Qasim Green University, Al Qasim, Iraq

    Atheer Saad Hashim

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, 58001, Iraq

    Khaled Al-Farhany

  4. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq

    Ammar Abdulkadhim

  5. Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Universite du 20 août 1955-Skikda, Skikda, Algeria

    Fateh Mebarek-Oudina

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  1. Ahmed Dhafer Abdulsahib
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Correspondence to Khaled Al-Farhany.

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Abdulsahib, A.D., Hashim, A.S., Al-Farhany, K. et al. Natural convection investigation under influence of internal bodies within a nanofluid-filled square cavity. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 231, 2605–2621 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00584-9

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