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Non-Hermicity-induced multistability in two-level atom-cavity optomechanics

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Abstract

Non-Hermitian physics of optical as well as atomic systems is crucial for modern quantum mechanics and is the subject of increasing investigations. Here, we investigate the multi-stability of a non-Hermitian atomic optomechanical system consisting of a high-Q Fabry–P\(\acute{e}\)rot cavity with Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC). The external pump laser drives a strong cavity mode, which then interacts with trapped BEC. We engineer non-Hermicity in the atomic system by considering the dissipation of excited state to the ground state. The non-Hermitian effects induced by the excited state dissipation result in the modified atom-optomechanical interactions and form non-Hermitian optical potential. We develop coupled non-Hermitian quantum Langevin equations for optical and atomic (BEC) degrees of freedom. By governing the steady-state of the system, we show that the non-Hermicity in the system yields in multi-stable state of cavity photon number, unlike the Hermitian optomechanical systems. Further, we illustrate that the dissipation rate of the atomic excited state will also alter the multi-stable behavior of cavity photon number. We illustrate these effects by computing the effective steady-state potential of the system as a function of cavity photon number. The dissipation rate appears to be reducing steady-state photon number over a particular interval of effective potential. Our findings are not only important for the understanding of the non-Hermitian atom-cavity systems but our findings regarding the optical multi-stability are also crucial for the subject of optical switching.

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Data Availability Statement

This manuscript has associated data in a data repository. [Authors’ comment: The computational data generated and analyzed to obtain the results during study is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.].

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Acknowledgements

KAY acknowledges the support of Research Fund for International Young Scientists by NSFC under Grant No. KYZ04Y22050, Zhejiang Normal University research funding under Grant No. ZC304021914 and Zhejiang province postdoctoral research project under Grant Number ZC304021952. GXL acknowledges the support of National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 11835011 and 12174346.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China

    Yu Chengyong, Kashif Ammar Yasir & Gao Xianlong

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  1. Yu Chengyong
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  2. Kashif Ammar Yasir
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Correspondence to Kashif Ammar Yasir.

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Chengyong, Y., Yasir, K.A. & Xianlong, G. Non-Hermicity-induced multistability in two-level atom-cavity optomechanics. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 138, 810 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-023-04437-9

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