Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Investigation of the rotational lines of A–X and C–A band systems of aluminium deuteride molecule using sunspot umbral spectra

  • Regular Article
  • Published:
The European Physical Journal Plus Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A high-resolution sunspot umbra spectrum recorded in National Solar Observatory, Kitt Peak, in the visible and infrared wave number range was used to search the rotational lines of A 1Π–X 1Σ+ (0,0), (0,0), (1,0), (1,1), (1,2) and (1,3) and C 1Σ+–A 1Π (0,0) and (1,1) bands of aluminium deuteride (AlD) molecule. The spectral wave number range used in the present study was from 20,750 to 24,410 cm−1. By using a reliable line identification method, the chance coincidence was evaluated for the selected bands of A 1Π–X 1Σ+ and C 1Σ+–A 1Π systems of AlD molecule. By adopting the identification method, the results of number of chance of coincidences were compared with I-parameter values. The equivalent widths were calculated for the well-resolved rotational lines using triangle approximation method. The effective rotational temperatures were then calculated for the bands (0,0), (0,1), (1,0), (1,2) and (1,3) of A 1Π–X 1Σ+ and (0,0) & (1,1) of C 1Σ+–A 1Π system of AlD molecule. The rotational temperature values calculated for these bands were found to be in the range from 900 to 1500 K which agrees well with the effective rotational temperatures reported for other diatomic molecules in sunspot umbrae. More number of rotational lines of AlD were identified in the sunspot spectra, and the favourable rotational temperatures were also obtained. The results of the present study revealed that there is a high chance for the detection of AlD molecule in umbral region of sunspot.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability Statement

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.

References

  1. N.R. Tawde, V.G. Tulasigeri, Acta Phys. Acad. Sci. Hung. 38, 299 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. P.F. Bernath, in Fourier Transform Spectroscopy: 11th International conference, The American Institute of Physics, 23 (1998)

  3. B. Karthikeyan, N. Rajamanickam, S.P. Bagare, Astropart. Phys. 27(5), 382 (2007a)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. B. Karthikeyan, V. Raja, N. Rajamanickam, S.P. Bagare, Serb. Astron. J. 175, 25 (2007b)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. L.E. Berg, K. Ekvall, A. Hishikawa, S. Kelly, Phy. Scr. 55, 269–272 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. B. Karthikeyan, G. Shanmugapriya, N. Rajamanickam, New Astron. 57, 63 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. D.T. Halfen, L.M. Ziurys, Astrophys. J. 713, 520–523 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. B. Karthikeyan, G. Shanmugapriya, N. Rajamanickam, S.P. Bagare, Res. Notes AAS 2, 21 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. S. Schlemmer, H. Mutschke, T. Giesen et al., Laboratory astrochemistry: from molecules through nanoparticles to grains (John Wiley & Sons Publication, Germany, 2014)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  10. H. Wöhl, Solar Phys. 15, 342–344 (1970)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. W. Holst, E. Hulthen, Z. Phys. 90, 712–727 (1934)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. W.J. Balfour, B. Lindgren, J. Phys. B Mol. Phys. 17, L861–L866 (1984)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. W. Szajna, M. Zachwieja, R. Hakalla, J. Mol. Spec. 318, 78–83 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. W. Szajna, K. Moore, I.C. Lane, JQSRT 196, 103–111 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. L. Wallace, K. Hinkle, W. Livingston, An atlas of sunspot umbral spectra in the visible from 15,000 to 25,000 cm−1 (3920 to 6664 Å) Tec. Rep. 00–001 (Tucson:NSO) (2000)

  16. B. Karthikeyan, Studies on molecular species identified in solar and allied spectra by spectroscopic techniques, Ph.D. Thesis, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai (2008)

  17. G. Shanmugapriya, B. Karthikeyan, K. Balachandrakumar, N. Rajamanickam, S.P. Bagare, Solar Phys. 290, 1569–1579 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. O. Engvold, H. Wöhl, J.W. Braut, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 42, 209–213 (1980)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. B. Karthikeyan, N. Rajamanickam, S.P. Bagare, Solar Phys. 264, 279 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. H.N. Russell, I.S. Bowen, Astrophys. J. 69, 196–208 (1929)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. A.I. Khlystov, Astron. Vest. I, 110 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  22. M. Sinha, Solar Phys. 154, 489–492 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  23. J.C. Webber, Solar Phys. 16, 340–361 (1971)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. S.P. Bagare, K. Balachandrakumar, N. Rajamanaickam, Solar Phys. 234, 1–20 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. L. Wallace, K. Hinkle, K.G. Li, P. Bernath, Astrophys. J. 524, 454 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. G. Herzberg, Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure (D. Van Nostrand Company, New York, 1950)

    Google Scholar 

  27. B. Karthikeyan, S.P. Bagare, N. Rajamanickam, V. Raja, Astropart. Phys. 31, 6–1 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. M. Makita, Solar Phys. 3, 557–562 (1968)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. P. Sotirovski, Astron. Astrophys. 14, 319–336 (1971)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. J.S. Mulchaey, Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 101, 211 (1989)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. H. Wöhl, Solar Phys. 24, 342 (1972)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the management members and Principal of Mepco Schlenk Engineering College and V.V.Vanniaperumal College for Women, for their constant support and encouragement towards research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, V.V.V College for Women, Virudhunagar, 626001, India

    G. Shanmugapriya

  2. Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India

    G. Shanmugapriya

  3. Department of Physics, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, 626005, India

    B. Karthikeyan

  4. Physics Research Centre, VHNSN College, Virudhunagar, 626001, India

    N. Rajamanickam

  5. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, 560034, India

    S. P. Bagare

Authors
  1. G. Shanmugapriya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. B. Karthikeyan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. N. Rajamanickam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. S. P. Bagare
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to B. Karthikeyan.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shanmugapriya, G., Karthikeyan, B., Rajamanickam, N. et al. Investigation of the rotational lines of A–X and C–A band systems of aluminium deuteride molecule using sunspot umbral spectra. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 137, 1005 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-03232-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-03232-2

Search

Navigation