Abstract
In situ observation of precipitation or phase separation induced by solvent addition is important in studying its dynamics. Combined with optical and fluorescence microscopy, microfluidic devices have been leveraged in studying the phase separation in various materials including biominerals, nanoparticles, and inorganic crystals. However, strong scattering from the subphases in the mixture is problematic for in situ study of phase separation with high temporal and spatial resolution. In this work, we present a quasi-2D microfluidic device combined with total internal reflection microscopy as an approach for in situ observation of phase separation. The quasi-2D microfluidic device comprises of a shallow main channel and a deep side channel. Mixing between a solution in the main channel (solution A) and another solution (solution B) in the side channel is predominantly driven by diffusion due to high fluid resistance from the shallow height of the main channel, which is confirmed using fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, relying on diffusive mixing, we can control the composition of the mixture in the main channel by tuning the composition of solution B. We demonstrate the application of our method for in situ observation of asphaltene precipitation and \(\beta \)-alanine crystallization.
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Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the Institute for Oil Sands Innovation (IOSI) (project number IOSI 2018-03) and from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)—Collaborative Research and Development Grants. The authors are grateful for technical support from IOSI lab, particularly from Lisa Brandt and Brittany MacKinnon. We are also grateful for the technical support of Dr. Xuejun Sun at the Cell Imaging Facility at the Cross-Cancer Institute and Dr. Murray R. Gray in Alberta Innovates for fruitful discussion.
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Meng, J., You, J.B., Arends, G.F. et al. Microfluidic device coupled with total internal reflection microscopy for in situ observation of precipitation. Eur. Phys. J. E 44, 57 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00066-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00066-1