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Magnetic behavior of spin-3/2 Blume–Capel graphene-like monolayer in a transverse crystal field

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Abstract

In this work, we studied the magnetic properties and hysteresis behavior of the ferromagnetic spin-3/2 Blume–Capel model with a transverse crystal field in a graphene monolayer. For this purpose, the mean-field approximation based on the Gibbs–Bogoliubov inequality for the free energy was used. We examined the effects of some physical parameters of the system, namely, the longitudinal and transverse crystal fields, external magnetic field, and temperature on the magnetization behavior, phase diagrams, and hysteresis loops. Very important results were obtained, such as the emergence of first- and second-order phase transitions, multicritical points, zero-temperature highly degenerate points, and multi-loop hysteresis behavior.

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Hysteresis loops of the graphene monolayer for selected physical parameters

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No data were used for the research described in this manuscript, and all of the material is owned by the authors, and/or no permissions are required.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory LPMC, Theoretical Physics Team, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco

    M. Salama, E. B. Choubabi, N. Hachem, K. El Kihel, T. Mouhrach & M. El Bouziani

  2. LS2ME Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Khouribga, Morocco

    T. Mouhrach

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  1. M. Salama
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  2. E. B. Choubabi
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  3. N. Hachem
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  4. K. El Kihel
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  6. M. El Bouziani
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Contributions

MS and TM made the analytical calculations. MS and KEK prepared the figures. MS and NH wrote the main manuscript text. EBC and MEB supervised the work. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to N. Hachem.

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Salama, M., Choubabi, E.B., Hachem, N. et al. Magnetic behavior of spin-3/2 Blume–Capel graphene-like monolayer in a transverse crystal field. Eur. Phys. J. B 97, 25 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/s10051-024-00665-9

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