Abstract
Theoretical research is performed on isolated nanoparticles (NPs) and NP-containing composite films with establishing analytically the concentration of nonequilibrium charge carriers and luminescence intensity as functions of surface recombination rate s, radius, diffusion length, lifetime of minority charge carriers, and other parameters. A hyperbolic dependence of the photoluminescence intensity (PL) on the parameter s is found. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that the photostimulated rise of s of NPs brings about quenching, while its decline favors amplification of PL. The microphotoluminescence PL intensity is established as a function of exciting laser exposure time for powdered carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), solutions of CNPs, and composite films based on PVOH polymers and CNPs with average particle diameters of 1.3 and 1.7 nm. Furthermore, the PL signal intensity of films processed at temperatures of 100–200°C decreases upon their exposure to a high-power-density 532-nm excitation radiation and rises in the case of films treated at 220–340°C. Almost always, the PL intensity of exposed dry CNP powders abruptly drops. The study allows putting forward a new method for contactless and rapid measurement of the parameters of luminescent NPs.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baker, S.N. and Baker, G.A., Luminescent carbon nanodots: emergent nanolights, Chem. Int. Ed., 2010, vol. 49, pp. 6726–6744.
Bhunia, S.K., Saha, A., Maity, A.R., Ray, S.C., and Jana, N.R., Carbon nanoparticle-based fluorescent bioimaging probes, Sci. Rep., 2013, vol. 3, p. 1473. doi 10.1038/srep01473
Wu, H., Mi, C., Huang, H., Han, B., Li, J., and Xu, S., Solvothermal synthesis of green-fluorescent carbon nanoparticles and their application, J. Lumin., 2012, vol. 132, pp. 1603–1607.
Li, H., He, X., Liu, Y., Yu, H., Kang, Z., and Lee, S.-T., Synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanoparticles directly from active carbon via a one-step ultrasonic treatment, Mater. Res. Bull., 2011, vol. 46, pp. 147–151.
Zhang, J., Shen, W., Pan, D., Zhang, Z., Fang, Y., and Wu, M., Controlled synthesis of green and blue luminescent carbon nanoparticles with high yields by the carbonization of sucrose, New J. Chem., 2010, vol. 34, pp. 591–593.
Sattler, K., The energy gap of clusters, nanoparticles, and quantum dots, in Handbook of Thin Film Materials: Deposition and Processing of Thin Films, Vol. 5: Nanomaterials and Magnetic Thin Films, Nalwa, H.S., Ed., Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2003, pp. 61–97.
Wang, Y. and Chen, L., Quantum dots, lighting up the research and development of nanomedicine, Nanotechnol., Biol., and Med., 2011, vol. 7, pp. 385–402.
Wu, L., Luderer, M., Yang, X., Swain, C., Zhang, H., Nelson, K., Stacy, A.J., Shen, B., Lanza, G.M., and Pan, D., Surface passivation of carbon nanoparticles with branched macromolecules influences near infrared bioimaging, Theranostics, 2013, vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 667–686.
Xiao, D., Yuan, D., He, H., and Gao, M., Microwave assisted one-step green synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanoparticles from ionic liquids and their application as novel fluorescence probe for quercetin determination, J. Lumin., 2013, vol. 140, pp. 120–125.
Yan, H., Tan, M., Zhang, D., Cheng, F., Wu, H., Fan, M., Ma, X., and Wang, J., Development of multicolor carbon nanoparticles for cell imaging, Talanta, 2013, vol. 108, pp. 59–65.
Liang, Q., Ma, W., Shi, Y., Li, Z., and Yang, X., Easy synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon quantum dots from gelatin and their luminescent properties and applications, J. Carbon, 2013, vol. 60, pp. 421–428.
Wei, Y., Liu, Y., Li, H., He, X., Zhang, Q., Kang, Z., and Lee, S.-T., Carbon nanoparticle ionic liquid hybrids and their photoluminescence properties, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2011, vol. 358, pp. 146–150.
Yang, Z.-C., Li, X., and Wang, J., Intrinsically fluorescent nitrogen-containing carbon nanoparticles synthesized by a hydrothermal process, Carbon, 2011, vol. 49, pp. 5207–5212.
Rahy, A., Zhou, C., Zheng, J., Park, S.Y., Kim Moon, J., Jang, I., Cho, S.J., and Yang, D.J., Photoluminescent carbon nanoparticles produced by confined combustion of aromatic compounds, Carbon, 2012, vol. 50, pp. 1298–1302.
Wang, X., Qu, K., Xu, B., Ren, J., and Qu, X., Multicolor luminescent carbon nanoparticles: synthesis, supramolecular assembly with porphyrin. Intrinsic peroxidase-like catalytic activity and applications, Nano Res., 2011, vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 908–920.
Vol’kenshtein, F.F., Elektronnye protsessy na poverkhnosti poluprovodnikov pri khemosorbtsii (Electronic Processes on the Surfaces of Semiconductors at Chemical Sorption), Moscow: Nauka, 1987.
Pavlov, L.P., Metody izmereniya parametrov poluprovodnikovykh materialov (Measurement of Parameters of Semiconductor Materials), Moscow: Vysshaya Shkola, 1987.
Einspruch, N.G. and Wisseman, W.R., GaAs Microelectronics, New York: Academic, 1985.
Kazaryan, S.A., Oraevsky, A.N., and Starodubtsev, N.F., Microphotoluminscence of C60 fullerenes doped with ions of rare-earth elements, J. Russ. Laser Res., 1999, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 271–278.
Pankove, J.I., Optical Processes in Semiconductors, New York: Dover, 1975.
Fink, D., Chung, W. H., Klett, R., Schmoldt, A., Cardoso, J., Montiel, R., Vazquez, M. H., Wang, L., Hosoi, F., Omichi, H., and Goppelt-Langer, P., Carbonaceous clusters in irradiated polymers as revealed by UV-Vis spectrometry, Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids, 1995, vol. 133, pp. 193–208.
Bao, L., Zhang, Z.-L., Tian, Z.-Q., Zhang, L., Liu, C., Lin, Y., Qi, B., and Pang, D.-W., Electrochemical tuning of luminescent carbon nanodots: from preparation to luminescence mechanism, Adv. Mater., 2011, vol. 23, pp. 5801–5806.
Li, X., Zhang, S., Kulinich, S.A., Liu, Y., and Zeng, H., Engineering surface states of carbon dots to achieve controllable luminescence for solid-luminescent composites and sensitive Be2+ detection, Sci. Rep., 2014, vol. 4, no. 4976, pp. 1–8.
Qu, S., Chen, H., Zheng, X., Cao, J., and Liu, X., Ratiometric fluorescent nanosensor based on water soluble carbon nanodots with multiple sensing capacities, Nanoscale, 2013, vol. 5, pp. 5514–5518.
Zhou, J., Booker, C., Li, R., Zhou, X., Sham, T.-K., Sun, X., and Ding, Z., An electrochemical avenue to blue luminescent nanocrystals from multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, vol. 129, pp. 744–745.
Zhou, J., Zhou, X., Li, R., Sun, X., Ding, Z., Cutler, J., and Sham, T.-K., Electronic structure and luminescence center of blue luminescent carbon nanocrystals, Chem. Phys. Lett., 2009, vol. 474, pp. 320–324.
Bourlinos, A.B., Stassinopoulos, A., Anglos, D., Zboril, R., Karakassides, M., Giannelis, E.P., Bourlinos, A., et al., Surface functionalized carbogenic quantum dots, Small, 2008, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 455–458.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © S.A. Kazaryan, N.F. Starodubtsev, 2017, published in Perspektivnye Materialy, 2017, No. 8, pp. 5–20.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kazaryan, S.A., Starodubtsev, N.F. Theoretical and Experimental Research of Luminescent Properties of Nanoparticles. Inorg. Mater. Appl. Res. 9, 151–161 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2075113318020144
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S2075113318020144